WORLD WIDE PERSPECTIVE OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

INTRODUCTION
Biogas is nothing but anaerobic digestion of organic materials Developing countries is more interest in biogas technology because of escalating fossil fuel cost Renewable energy technology such as solar, wind and biomass based technologies reduce deforestation and importation of fossil fuels Biogas needs lowest financial inputs per kwh of output NPK conserve via slurry by recycle process Potential to reduce plant, animal and human pathogens Domestic use-reduce lungs and eye problem

DESSEMINATION OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

China, India and South Korea have installed more numbers CHINA More than 7 million digesters of family size units(610 m3) for cooking and lighting 50,000 medium size units (50 m3) 1100 larger size units (100 m3) and the output is 8000 kw

INDIA 1 lakh digesters Primary objective is to provide fuel for cooking and lighting Community biogas plants for using night soil as feedstock Various organic feed stocks
SOUTH KOREA 29,000 units Reduced in numbers due to colder weather operation

VARIOUS DESIGNS
Fixed dome digester- Chinese model Floating cover digester-Indian KVIC model Bag digester Plug flow digester Anaerobic filter Anaerobic baffle reactor UASB reactor Ganesh model biogas plant Pragathi model biogas plant Deenbandhu model biogas plant

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
Lack of understanding of fundamentals Lack of rigorous field data studies Optimization Carbon-Nitrogen ratios

LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF FUNDAMENTALS

Multi disciplinary technology which includes microbiology, chemistry and engineering Total gas production and methane production is the important measure of process performance

LACK OF RIGOROUS FIELD DATA STUDIES

On actual process performance under a variety of operating conditions and with various feed stocks Over and under designed biogas plants leads to waste of resources or mismatch with the user need Needs to closely monitor the number of existing units to provide the substantive data base

OPTIMIZATION
Optimize existing designs to reduce capital cost and improve performance Capital cost reduced by 27 % for small plant and 41.2 % for larger plant Larger plants under identical conditions the lower cost design improved gas yields by 14 % compare to
KVIC

C/N Ratio
30: 1 is optimal High nitrogen levels with low C/N ratios cause toxicity Low levels (high C/N ratios) can inhibit the rate of digestion