Development & Implementation of a SCADA System for Load Control of the Power System Simulator (PSS)

Ahmed Fayez Mohammed Adnan Khalid Yousif Salman Al katheeri 199905252 199901444 199900237 199900317

Presentation Layout

SCADA Introduction SCADA Hardware RTU PSS Wiring SCADA Software ISaGraF Citect DNP Future Work Demonstration

Introduction

Introduction (What Is SCADA?)

Stands for supervisory control And data acquisition. SCADA systems are used in industrial processes: steel making, power generation (conventional and nuclear) and distribution. There Are 4 Components In the SCADA System.

SCADA Components

Field Instrumentation.

Sensors, devices to control.

Remote Terminal Units.

RTU Vs. PLC

Communications Network.

Equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites Collecting information gathered by the remote stations to generate the necessary action

Central Monitoring Station

Disadvantages Of Relay Systems

Relays used only for on/off control. Complicated control systems Expensive System. System takes up much floor and space. Control relays are power- hungry, heat generation. Any change in control program requires the rewiring of relays. For complicated control systems, it is difficult to troubleshoot and locate the faults.

Advantages Of SCADA systems

Easily programmed or reprogrammed Easy maintained (self diagnostic). Capability to do arithmetic function. The ability to communicate with other controller or a master host computer. PLCs. were able to move past simple on/off control to more complex schemes as PID control.

Applications Of SCADA
Almost every business in the manufacturing sector and many in the service sector Aerospace Bottling and Canning Chemicals Plants Petroleum, Petrochemical

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

PDS eNET OVERVIEW DIGITAL / ANALOG INPUTS

32 x Digital Inputs 9-28V DC Operation range LED Indication (Disable Option) Optically Isolated (1500V peak)

12 x Analog Inputs 0-5V,1-5V,0-10V,0-20mA, 4-20mA (selectable per channel) Surge Protection

RTU PDS eNET OVERVIEW DIGITAL / ANALOG OUTPUTS

4 x Analog Outputs Internal / External power supply Source 0-20mA, 4-20mA

(Voltage output with external resistor)

Short circuit protected

RTU Scan Time

Power System Simulator

Power System Simulator ( PSS):

The objective of the PSS is to simulate a real power system. Power system should be divide in to three sections , the generator station, transmission line and load ( distribution section ).

PSS Parts

1- Generator Stations: The generator station contains two internal generators and a third external generator. Separately excited synchronous generator is the type of the machine which used in PSS. The DC motor in PSS is used as prime mover. The DC motor in PSS is Shunt DC motor type.

2- Transmission lines:

It is represented by wires that are different in shape and size. The size and shape is depended on the level voltages and the load.

3- The loads:

As in the real power system, the PSS has three type of load: Residential.

Commercial . Industrial. The difference between these come from values of : - Load. - Power consumption. - Power factor for each type. Also the difference rises in the peak load timing for each type.

Sensors

In the industry field is now using computers to control and motions and sequences of machines. PLC cannot see, hear, feel or tester processes by themselves but use industrial sensors to give industrial controllers these capabilities. In our project the Sensors are used as feedback to PLC from PSS to enhance the system performance.

Sensors

There were different types of sensor that will be used like Voltage sensor, current sensor, frequency sensor and power sensor. Current sensor have rating of 0 5 A. Voltage sensor has a rating of 0 - 150 V. Frequency sensor, it has a rating of 0 -100Hz. Power sensor, it has rating of 0- 5 A and 0 150 v. The outputs from all sensors which going to RTU were 4 20 mA. It is used this rating to sense any problem in system .

Wiring

Wiring
220V
R1

Start

0V 12V Relay1(External)

12V

Auxiliary Switch Common

0V
Common Output Port

Input Port

Transistor Switch

Internal Relay

RTU

Coil 2 A B C Ax 2

Coil 1 A B C

3 Phase Motor M

Ax 1

ON

Off

N
COM + 1 2 3 4 5

Com

12 V
0

T.B Control Circuit

220 V
+

0V From RTU Power Supply COM IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5

RTU

12 V

ISaGRAF

ISaGRAF

The Citect Interface

The DNP

The DNP

Future Plans

Future Plans
Stand by generator. Adding generator 2 to the system. Power factor correction. Load scheduling. Improving the previous SCADA program.

Stand by generator

The whole system will be supplied by the main supplying unit. A simulated fault will be applied on the system. During that generator 1 will be on a stand by mode. When the fault occur the main supplying unit will be disconnected from the loads by using circuit breakers and generator 1 will be supplying the whole system instead. All of this process will be done Automatically by the program.

Adding generator 2

Generator 2 will be connected to the system using frequency and current sensors. Generator 2 will be also controlled by the program which will be installed on the RTU. Generator 2 will be as a back up if generator 1 didnt work properly.

Back Up generator

Power factor correction

Capacitor banks are used to correct the power factor.. The value of the capacitance will depend on the value of the load.

Capacitor banks will inject reactive power into the

system.

The reactive power will decrease the current in the circuit reduce the losses in the transmission lines.

Load Scheduling
There are two types of loads: Resistive load and active load.
1.

The resistive load are two types: Critical: supplying vital instruments &machines . Non-critical: Ex: lighting gardens. The active load: Simulated By a resistor and inductance in series.

2.

Load Scheduling

When the system suffers from overload on the generator the program disconnect the non-critical loads immediately. Thus in the program all of the loads will be identified so that the program can do this process Automatically.

Improving the SCADA program

Some blocks will be added to increase the speed of analyses process. This process will be applied on the LADDER program. The Graphical Interface will be enhanced. This process will be applied on Citect.

Thanks for Listening Now, well make a demo for our work..