Mr.

Sunil Shetye

COOLING SYSTEM
Heat energy of the fuel is rejected as follows: Heat from the engine boundarys due to radiation, convection and to a small extent conduction. Exhaust heat. Heat rejected to the coolant.
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COOLING SYSTEM
30% useful work
30% 30% 100 % 30%

30% exhaust heat

10%

30% cooling system

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Necessity of Engine cooling: why cooling is required 1. To prevent engine from overheating. The lubrication oil will get deteriorated above certain temperature (1600 2000 c) To avoid piston and cylinder seizure. 2. The difference parts of the engine get work out due to excessive heat. For water cooled 2700c For air cooled 2000c Uneven expansion may lead to cracking
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HEAT BALANCE

HEAT BALANCE
3. Preignition and detonation due to high

temperature of the exhaust valve. 4. Volumetric efficiency and power output is reduced.

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Necessity of Engine cooling

why cooling is required? 1. To prevent engine from overheating. The lubrication oil will get deteriorated above certain temperature (1600 2000 c) To avoid piston and cylinder seizure. 2. The difference parts of the engine get work out due to excessive heat. For water cooled 2700c For air cooled 2000c Uneven expansion may lead to cracking

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3. Preignition and detonation due to high

temperature of the exhaust valve. 4. Volumetric efficiency and power (output) is reduces.

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TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMS:

1. Direct air cooling

1. Indirect or liquid cooling

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1. DIRECT AIR COOLING:

In engines using no water. Problem of cold weather maintenance is eliminated. Area exposed to the cooling air is increased. Therefore the rate of cooling is increased. Heat is dissapitated directly to the air after conduction thorough the cylinder walls.

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2. INDIRECT OR LIQUID COOLING

Water/coolant circulated through water jacket around combustion chamber, cylinder, valve, seats. Kept in motion by a centrifugal water pump driven by a V-belt from a pulley on the engine shaft. It is then passed through the radiator by a fan and air.
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A. WATER JACKETS:
Are the water passages in the cylinders block and heat surrounding the cylinder, valve parts, seats, combustion chamber and other parts requiring cooling. Excess heat removed by the water circulating in the water passage by conduction to the metal walls to the water. Transfer parts connect the passages in the block with those in the head.
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B. WATER PUMP:
Commonly used centrifugal type driven by a fan belt mounted on a common shaft with the fan. Clearness between the impeller blades and the casing avoids dangerous even if obstruction occurs in the radiator or other parts of the system.

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C. RADIATORS:
Presents a large amount of cooling surface to the air. Water passing by constructing designs (varied ines) partly in accordance with the ideas of different engineers and partly with limitations imposed on radiator areas.

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Consists of upper tank (containing filter tank) and a lower tank. Upper tank connected to the water outlets from engine jacket. Lower tank connected to the jacket inlet by a radiator outlet through the water pump. Radiator cores tabular. or cellular
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D. FAN:
Draws air through the radiator. To cool the water supplimenting the forward motion of the car. Are driven by V-belts.

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Comparison of air and water cooling system:

Advantages of air cooling system: The weight of the engine is minimised. No water jackets, radiator and pump. Reduction in weight is as much as 20% 2. Simpler engine design 3. Air cooled engine is less sensitive to climatic conditions. No antifreeze solution is required. 4. Lower specific fuel consumption due to high average cylinder temperature.
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5. Less wear and tear to the cylinder. 6. Reduced carbon deposits on combustion chamber wall due to high average cylinder temperature. 7. An air cooled engine can take some degree of damage to the fins but a hole in the radiator may stop a water cooled engine. 8. Better control than water cooled engine.

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Disadvantages :
1. More noisier since the combustion

noise is not attenuated. 2. The volumetric efficiency of an air cooled engine is lower due to higher cylinder head temperature. 3. Not suitable for complex engines, with high specific output engine.
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Advantages of water cooled engines:

1. More suitable for high specific output

engines. 2. Water cooled engine can be installed anywhere in the vehicles. 3. The volumetric efficiency of the water cooled engine is higher than that of air cooled engine.
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Disadvantages:
Radiator and the pump increased the weight and the dimensions of the engine. Due to presence of the radiator the frontal area of the vehicle is increased resulting in greater air resistance. 2. Water cooling system requires more maintenance, radiator leakage being the most frequent possibility. 3. During cold weather starting required the use of antifreeze solution.
1.
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THERMOSTAT:
Thermostat is a valve operated by means of heat. It helps in circulation of cooling water from the engine water jacket to the radiator by getting opened at a particular temperature.

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TYPES OF THERMOSTAT
There are 3 different types of thermostat: 1. Bellows type thermostat 2. Bimetallic coil type 3. Pellet type.

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IN BELLOWS TYPE
1. In Bellows type the heat unit consist of a closed bellows filled with a volatile liquid under reduced pressure. When the bellows is heated the liquid vaporises and creates enough pressure to expand the bellows. The movement of the bellow operated a linkage which opens the valve. When the unit is cooled, the gas condenses, the pressure is reduced and bellows collapse to close the valve.
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IN BIMETALLIC TYPE
2. In Bimetallic type the valve is controlled by a bimetallic coil which expands when heated to open the valve and contracts when cooled to close it

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IN PELLET TYPE
3. In pellet type sealed in wax pellet, which expands on heating and contracts on cooling is used as the heat unit. The pellet is connected by a piston and flange to a valve, so that on expansion of the pellet it opens the valve. A coil spring closes the valve when the pellet contracts.
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