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ALGUNOS CONCEPTOS CENTRALES SOSPECHAR DEPRESIN EVALUACIN DEL INSOMNIO EN EL PACIENTE CON DEPRESIN RESUMEN DE LOS EFECTOS DE LOS ANTIDEPRESIVOS Y ANSIOLTICOS EN EL SUEO
CONCEPTOS CENTRALES
EL INSOMNIO PUEDE ENCUBRIR SINTOMATOLOGA DEPRESIVA Y/O ANSIOSA EL INSOMNIO PUEDE AGRAVAR SINTOMATOLOGA DEPRESIVA Y/O ANSIOSA EL INSOMNIO PUEDE PERPETUAR SINTOMATOLOGA DEPRESIVA Y/O ANSIOSA EL INSOMNIO PUEDE CONSTITUIR UN FACTOR DE RIESGO PARA DEPRESIN LA DEPRESIN/ANSIEDAD SON SUBDIAGNOSTICADAS HAY QUE BUSCAR TRATAMIENTOS QUE EN LO POSIBLE MEJOREN AMBOS COMPONENTES
CONCEPTOS CENTRALES LA DEPRESIN Y ANSIEDAD SON CAUSAS FRECUENTES (ENCUBIERTAS) DE INSOMNIO DEPRESIN Y ANSIEDAD NO CONTROLADAS AGRAVAN EL INSOMNIO LOS TRATAMIENTOS DE ANSIEDAD Y/O DEPRESIN PUEDEN AGRAVAR Y/O PERPETUAR EL INSOMNIO HAY QUE BUSCAR TRATAMIENTOS QUE EN LO POSIBLE MEJOREN AMBOS COMPONENTES
Insomnio de ms de 2 semanas de duracin aumenta riesgo de depresin Pacientes ancianos con insomnio tienen depresin ms grave y responden menos bien a tratamiento
En este estudio, la asociacin ms frecuente en pacientes que consultan por insomnio en el nivel primario de atencin fue con depresin y con ansiedad.
could lead to improved recognition, treatment, years (29, 30)and all have been limited to self-reported tion of depression, which is projected to rank as assessment of insomnia. Furthermore, while electroencephaOriginal Contribution -leading cause of lost disability-adjusted life lographic sleep abnormalities reecting insomnia (3134) ischemic heart disease by 2020 (14). Both inhave been cross-sectionally correlated with depression in Prospective Associati ons of Insomnia Markers and Symptoms With Depression
Mariana Szklo-Coxe*, Terry Young, Paul E. Peppard, Laurel 709A. Finn, and Ruth M. Benca
Am J Epidemiol 2010;171:709720
* Correspondence to Dr. Mariana Szklo-Coxe, School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Mariana Szklo-Coxe* , Terry Young, Paul E. Peppard, Laurel A. Finn, and Ruth M. Benca Dominion University, 4608 Hampton Blvd., Ofce 3132, Norfolk, VA 23529 (e-mail: mszklo@odu.edu).
Initially submitted August 12, 2009; accepted for publication December 17, 2009.
* Correspondence to Dr. Mariana Szklo-Coxe, School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4608 Hampton Blvd., Ofce 3132, Norfolk, VA 23529 (e-mail: mszklo@odu.edu).
Initially submitted August 12, 2009; accepted publication December 17, 2009. Este estudio sugiere que for el insomnio, bien sea
evaluado utilizando marcadores polisomnogrficos, bien sea por autoreporte, constituye un factor de longitudinally riesgo para depresin en elucidation Whether insomnia, a known correlate of depression, predicts warrants depression longitudinally warrants Whether insomnia, a known correlate of depression, predicts depression elucidation. The authors examined 555 Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study en participants aged 3371 years without baseline depre personas que noSleep tenan depresin los 4 aos precedentes (2.2 authors examined 555 Wisconsin Cohort Study participants aged 3371 years without baseline depression or antidepressant use who completed baseline and follow-up overnight polysomnography and had com a 5 veces riesgo) questionnaire-based data on insomnia and depression for 19982006. Using Poisson regression, they estim or antidepressant usemayor who completed baseline and follow-up overnight polysomnography and had complete relative risks for depression (Zung scale score 50) de at 4-year (average) follow-up to baseline inso Severidad (duracin del perodo insomnio, tipo according de insomnio, questionnaire-based data on insomnia and depression for 19982006. Using Poisson regression, they estimated symptoms and polysomnographic markers. Twenty-six participants (4.7%) developed depression by follow frecuencia) predicen sntomas depresivos Having 34 insomnia versus none predicted depression risk insomnia (age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adju relative risks for depression (Zung symptoms scale score ms 50) at 4-year (average) follow-up according to baseline relative risk (RR) 3.2, 95% condence interval: 1.1, 9.6). After multiple adjustments, frequent difculty f symptoms and polysomnographic markers. Twenty-six participants (4.7%) developed depression by follow-up. asleep (RR 5.3, 95% condence interval: 1.1, 27.9) and polysomnographically assessed (upper or quartiles) sleep latency, continuity, anddepression duration (RRs 2.24.7; P s 0.05) predicted depression. Gr Having 34 insomnia symptoms versus none predicted risk (age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted trends (P-trend 0.05) were observed with increasing number of symptoms, difculty falling asleep, and dif relative risk (RR) 3.2, 95% condence interval: 1.1, 9.6). After multiple adjustments, frequent difculty falling returning to sleep. Given the small number of events using Zung 50 (depression cutpoint), a limitation that bias multivariable estimates, continuous depression scores were analyzed; asleep (RR 5.3, 95% condence interval: 1.1, 27.9) and polysomnographically assessed (upper or mean lower values were largely consi with dichotomous ndings. Insomnia symptoms or markers increased depression risk 2.2- to 5.3-fold. These re quartiles) sleep latency, continuity, and duration (RRs 2.24.7; P s 0.05) predicted depression. Graded support prior ndings based on self-reported insomnia and may extend similar conclusions to objective mar trends (P-trend 0.05) were observed with increasing number of symptoms, difculty falling asleep, and difculty Heightened recognition and treatment of insomnia may prevent subsequent depression. returning to sleep. Given the small number of events using Zung 50 (depression a limitation and that may depression; polysomnography; prospective studies; sleep;cutpoint), sleep initiation maintenance disorders
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La depresin no es tristeza, ni es una reaccin adaptada a los estresantes cotidianos. Se considera un problema de salud serio con manifestaciones ms all de lo emocional y con consecuencias deletreas para los pacientes a todo nivel
SOSPECHAR DEPRESIN En todo paciente que tiene quejas de insomnio, o de alteraciones en el sueo en general (incluso cuando el insomnio parece explicable por efectos de medicamentos/sustancias, hbitos poco saludables del sueo o problemas de salud de otros sistemas)
Evaluar Severidad
Grado de Interferencia con la vida cotidiana Compromiso de la salud general Respuesta fallida a tratamientos Comorbilidad Abuso/dependencia de sustancias Ideas de suicidio Antecedentes de severidad Red de apoyo social empobrecida
Iniciar tratamiento!!!
El insomnio en la depresin
Enfoque Diagnstico
Evale otros factores implicados
Indicios de pobre higiene del sueo
Medicamentos o sustancias
Coadyuvantes para el insomnio Trazodona: 50 a 150mg/n Benzodiacepinas: clonazepam 0,5 a 2mg/n No benzodiacepnicos: zolpidem, zopiclona, eszopiclona Pregabalina: 75 a 150mg