You are on page 1of 22

WORK SHOP ON

PEDIATRIC
EMERGENCIES
INTRODUCTION
Foreign bodies refer to any object that is placed in the
ear, nose, or mouth that is not meant to be there and
could cause harm.

common among children. Nearly 111,000 ingestions of


foreign bodies by people aged 19 years and younger
were reported to American Poison Control Centers in
2005.

International
Impaction of swallowed fish bones is more commonly
observed in countries where fish is a major dietary
staple.
CAUSES/RISK FACTORS
Mortality and morbidity
Most foreign bodies pass harmlessly through the GI tract
and are eliminated in the stool.

Systemic reactions, such as from nickel allergy


– Migration into the aorta may produce an
aortoenteric fistula, a horrific complication with a
high mortality rate.
Sex
The male-to-female ratio in young children is 1:1.

Age
However, incidence is greatest in children aged 6 month
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE

• Small items stuck to the


white of the eye can be
very irritating but are
usually easy to remove.

Signs and symptoms of a


foreign body in the eye
• Irritation and pain
• Watering and red eye
• Blurred vision
FIRST AID TREATMENT

• Sit the person down facing the light


so that you can clearly see what
needs to be removed.

• Examine the eye by gently


separating the eyelids with your
finger and thumb.

• If this treatment for up to 30


minutes, allowing the person to
blink regularly.
Conti…..

• If washing does not work and the object is not


embedded in the eye, try to remove it with a moist
piece of clean material.

• If you remain unable to remove the object take or


send the person to hospital.
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EAR
• Foreign bodies can either be
in the ear lobe or in the ear
canal.

Some of the items that are


commonly found in the ear
canal include the following:
• food
• insects
• toys
• buttons
• pieces of crayon
• small batteries
Symptoms
• Some objects placed in the ear may
not cause symptoms
signs

Pain

• Swelling

• Discharge (if the object has been there


for some time)

• Redness

• deafness
Treatment
The treatment for foreign bodies in
the ear is prompt removal of the
object by your child's physician

• instruments may be inserted in


the ear

• magnets are sometimes used if


the object is metal

• cleaning the ear canal with water

• a machine with suction to help


pull the object out
After removal of the object, check
for complications
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE NOSE
• Objects that are put into the
child's nose are usually soft
thing,
• tissue, clay, and pieces of
toys,
• erasers. Sometimes, a
foreign body may enter the
nose while the child is trying
to smell the object.
• Children often place objects
in their noses because they
are bored, curious, or
copying other children.
Signs
SYMPTOMS
• Pain
• Swelling
• Discharge (if the object has been there for some
time)
• Breathing difficulties
• A snoring sound on breathing

Symptoms
• Foul-smelling or bloody nasal discharge
• Difficulty breathing through the affected nostril
• Irritation
• Feeling of something in the nose
First aid
• First Aid

• Do not probe the nose with cotton swabs or other tools. Doing
so may push the object further into the nose.

• Have the victim breathe through the mouth. He or she should


avoid breathing in sharply (which may force the object in
further).

• Once it is determined which nostril is affected, gently press the


other nostril closed and have the victim blow gently through the
affected nostril.

• If this method fails, get medical help.

• Sit the child down, and reassure him. Encourage the child to
breathe through his mouth rather than his nose.
TREATMENT
• Treatment of a foreign body in the nose
involves prompt removal of the object by your
child's physician.
• Sedating the child is sometimes necessary in
order to remove the object successfully.
• suction machines with tubes attached
• instruments may be inserted in the ear
• After removal of the object,
• prescribe nose drops or antibiotic ointments to
treat any possible infections.
FOREIGN BODIES IN AIR WAY
• As with other foreign body problems,
children tend to put things into their
mouths when they are bored or curious.

• The child may then inhale deeply and


the object may become lodged in the
"airway" tube (trachea)

• Children between the ages of 7 months


and 4 years are in the greatest danger
of choking on small objects, including,

• seeds
• toy parts
• grapes
• hot dogs
• pebbles
• nuts
SYMPTOMS
• Foreign body ingestion requires immediate medical
attention.
• choking or gagging when the object is first inhaled
• coughing at first
• wheezing
• the foreign body may still be obstructing the airway. :
• stridor
• cough that gets worse
• child is unable to speak
• pain in the throat area or chest
• hoarse voice
• blueness around the lips
• not breathing
• the child may become unconscious
Esophageal foreign bodies
Dysphasia

Food refusal, weight loss

– Drooling ,Emesis/hematemesis

– Foreign body sensation

– Chest pain, sore throat


– Strider, cough
– Unexplained fever
– Altered mental status

Stomach/lower GI tract foreign bodies

Abdominal distention/pain, vomiting


– Hematochezia
– Unexplained fever
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
• Treatment of the problem varies with the degree of airway
blockage.

• If the object is completely blocking the airway, the child will be


unable to breath or talk and his/her lips will become blue.

• This is a medical emergency and you should seek emergency


medical care.

• Sometimes, surgery is necessary

• Children that are still talking and breathing but show other
symptoms also need to be evaluated by a physician
immediately.
diagnosis
History
• Children commonly come to medical attention with witness of
caregiver

• Alternatively, the child may present because of signs or


symptoms of a complication of ingestion.

• Occasionally, the caregiver discovers a foreign body that has


passed in the stool and brings the child in for evaluation.

• Children with significant complications of foreign body ingestion


may be initially asymptomatic.

• Children may have vague symptoms that do not immediately


suggest foreign body ingestion.
physical
• Specific physical examination findings are unusual.

• Physical findings may suggest complications of foreign


body migration, such as peritoneal irritation or rales.

• Abrasions, streaks of blood, or edema in the


hypo pharynx may be evidence of proximal
swallowing-related trauma.

• Inspection of the oropharynx may occasionally reveal


an impacted foreign body.
.
prevention
• Keep small objects out of the reach of
infants and toddlers.

• Discourage your child from putting foreign


objects into body openings.
Thank you

You might also like