A Specifiers View of DALI

June 4, 2002 4:00 PM

Seminar #18

Richard Miller, PE, LC

Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, Inc.

Sponsored by The International Association of Lighting Designers

Sponsored by The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

Produced and Managed by AMC, Inc.

Official On-Site Event Directory

DALI
Digital Addressable Lighting Interface
DALI is a protocol dedicated purely for lighting control DALI allows individual control and monitoring of lighting systems DALI provides precise dimming DALI promises flexibility in design, and ease of installation

Learn How To:

Leverage the benefits of the DALI technology Specify DALI lighting controls Design DALI controls for single rooms, open offices and whole buildings Solve DALI installation and commissioning issues

Current Lighting Control Systems

Agili-T by Lightolier Centura by Leviton Digital-MicroWatt by Lutron DMX512 by USITT Easylite by Easylite Ballasts and Lighting Systems Ergolight by Ledalite GR2400 by Lighting Control and Design IBECS by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab NexLight by Northpoint Engineering Co. PowerLink by Square D Company SuperDim by Energy Savings Inc Synergy by Lithonia

Current Wiring for Conference Room

History: From Europe

Tridonic and others
Digital Serial Interface (DSI) ballasts in 1991 Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) ballast in 1998 Dropped royalties to gain wide spread acceptance of DALI

IEC
DALI protocol (IEC Standard 60929, Annex E & G) advanced to voting process in year 2000. Adopted by other leading ballast and control manufactures Formally adopted summer of 2002

History: In USA
NEMA Controls Council
Wiring Devices, Controls, and Ballasts Liaison with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) DALI subcommittee

IESNA Controls Subcommittee

Established to develop a control protocol Reviewed several existing systems Asked by NEMA to comment on DALI proposal

DALI AG
Promote the DALI protocol Review protocol compliance by manufactures 24 members as of September 2001
International Rectifier, CA Lightolier, Canada Lutron, PA Osram, Germany Philips, Netherlands Tridonic, Austria

(www.DALI-AG.org)

Benefits
Lower initial cost to the Owner
Simple wiring

Higher level of maintenance to the Facility Manager

Status of lamp and ballast

Greater flexibility to the Lighting Designer

Change grouping via software

Lower energy costs to the User

Reduced power consumption

Greater sense of control to the Occupant

Individual control

DALI
DALI is not a product DALI is a protocol (a set of rules) (from ballast perspective)
Power connection Lamp response Control interface Command set

Protocol: Power Connection

Initial application of voltage lamps go to full output or other preset level Universal voltage input 115V to 300V, 50Hz to 60Hz High power factor Low harmonics Transient protection

Protocol: Lamp Response

Precise dimming curve
Logarithmic curve Range: 0.1% to 100% for incandescent, 1% to 100% for linear fluorescent, 3% to 100% for CF 254 steps (2.8% increase per step) Based on lamp arc power (This is not lamp lumen output)

Protocol: Control Interface

Intent Electrical Media Wiring Bits and Bytes No Collision Detection

Control Interface: Intent

Low cost Simple Low interference Interchangeable

Control Interface: Electrical

Voltage 0 VDC (+/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V) Voltage drop must not exceed 2 volts Loss of control voltage lamps go to preset level Current 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250 ma Power Remote power supply of <250 ma Speed 1,200 bits/sec (compare to Ethernet at 100Mb/s) Must be able to withstand live voltage

DALI Ballast Block Diagram

Control Interface: Media

Two wire Twisted pair not required Shielded pair not required Non-polarized No End-of-Line resistor Standard building wire

Single DALI Loop Diagram

PCA EXCEL one4all PCA EXCEL one4all

BusMaster

Digital bus
IR Receiver PIR Interface wall switch Interface

DALI-PS

Computer User

Control Interface: Wiring

Maximum length of 300 meters Open topology: chain, star, tree Class 2 (may be wired as Class 1) (for ballasts, controls?) May be installed with line voltage

DALI Wiring Topology Diagram

Serial Connection

Star Connection

Control Interface: Bits and Bytes

Address (one specific ballast)
0AAAAAA1 + CCCCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 + arc power

Broadcast (all ballasts)

11111111 + CCCCCCCC , 11111110 + arc power

Group
100GGGG1 + CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 + arc power

Go To Scene:
0AAAAAA1 + 0001SSSS 11111111 + 0001SSSS 100GGGG1 + 0001SSSS

Control Interface: No Collision Detection

Assumes only one sending device Ballasts talk only when queried No checking for simultaneous commands Control manufacturers must provide collision detection

Protocol: Command Set

Current command set is for ballasts only. >100 commands defined (with space for future commands) Ability to program, control and monitor status information

Ballast Commands: To Ballast

Off Step Up Step Down, On and Step Up Set Max Step Down and Off Set Min Go to Max Go to Min Up to Max Down to Min Fade to Level Set Actual Level Set Power On Level Set System Failure Level Set Fade Time Set Fade Rate Set Scene Go to Scene Remove from Scene Set Group Remove from Group

Ballast Commands:
Information from Ballast (Query)
Actual Level, Power ON Level System Failure Level Max Min Group Assignment Scene Level Fade Time Random Address Version Number Device Type

Device Types
Type 0 Standard (fluorescent) Type 1 Emergency lighting Type 2 HID lamps Type 3 Low voltage halogen lamps Type 4 Line voltage incandescent lamps Type 5255 Future device types

DALI Programming
Each DALI loop can support up to 64 individual addresses When in initial programming mode:
Each ballast generates a 24 bit random address Control unit then assigns a 6 bit short address (0 to 63) to each ballast May reassign a 6 bit address to each ballast May assign a 6 bit address by disconnecting a lamp from the ballast

DALI Programming (Contd)

Group Addressing
Each DALI loop can support up to 16 individual groups Each ballast may belong to any or all of the 16 available groups

Scene Setting
Each ballast may have as many as 16 preset levels (scenes) Scenes may be applied to ballasts Scenes may be applied to groups

Wiring per NEC

Approved for use in Class 1 and Class 2 installations DALI wiring may be with line-voltage wiring Could use a 5-wire prefabricated wiring assemble Installation must comply with Code Verify rating of control units

Electricians Wiring Diagram

1 2 3 4 5 6

One Conduit to other Luminaires DALI Network

To Panelboard

Auxiliary Components
Power Supply
Voltage 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V) Power <250 ma

Controller Units
Scene Controller Daylight Harvesting Controller Occupancy Controller

Computer Interface (optional)

Sensor Connection Diagrams

To Control Unit

To DALI Loop

Auxiliary Components (Contd)

Gateways
DALI RS232 DALI - Ethernet RS232 Ethernet hub In separate cabinet from the branch circuit panelboard

Busmaster Enclosure Installation

RS232 Connection

Panelboard and Busmaster Cabinet

Complete Building Control

Next Generation Technology

Palm Pilot Interface

Select groups

dim up and down

Off Select light scenes

User Interface

Protocol Intent: Interchangeability

Manufactures: web site (DALI-AG.org) DALI protocol is the minimum requirement
Provides compatibility among manufacturers

Proprietary features are not prohibited

DSI Line-voltage control

Designing Control Systems

Lighting Plan for Typical Office Lighting Plan for Conference Room

Lighting Plan for Open Office

CEC Title 24: mandatory
Two level or dimming Occupancy / Auto Off Daylight Harvest Time-of-Day off with timed manual override

Adjust for individual comfort Weekend function Security function Power reduction

STEP 1:
Design fixture layout or retrofit existing fixtures with DALI compatible ballast.

STEP 2:
Layout DALI network (2 wires) to each fixture independent of circuit wiring. Each DALI loop can support up to 64 ballast. Loop wires can be located in same conduit with power wiring

STEP 3:
Design controls into space and determine easiest connection to DALI bus. Identify placement of bus power supply and optional network interface.

STEP 4:
Address DALI ballasts. Determine fixture groupings and map control devices to fixtures. Each ballast can be assigned to multiple groups (16 max).

Network System Configuration

LP

Lighting Plan for Conference Room

Multiple luminaries for multiple functions Multiple preset scenes Manual controls

Conference Room Lighting Plan

Commissioning
DALI Ballast Manufacturer DALI Controller Manufacturer Luminaire Manufacturer Architect Lighting Designer Electrical Engineer Electrician Manufacturers Representative Programmer Systems Integrator Commissioner

Commissioning:
DALI Product Manufacturer
Test product prior to shipment

Luminaire Manufacturer
Test assembly prior to shipment Could preprogram addresses, groups, scenes

Electrician
Require high quality splices and terminations Document power wiring and control wiring Verify power wiring and lamping Verify DALI loop broadcast raise/lower, count ballast quantity

Commissioning: (Contd)
Lighting Designer / Electrical Engineer
Determine preset levels for scenes

Programmer
Assign and document groups Assign and document scenes

Systems Integrator
Combine with IT or AV?

Commissioning: (Contd)
Manufacturers Representative
May be the Commissioner

Commissioner
Two people with walkie-talkies Document groupings Flash addressed ballast until that ballast is found Cycle through addresses to find ballast address Document ballast addresses on lighting plans

Benefits of DALI
Simplify wiring installation Decrease energy usage Lower maintenance cost Increase space flexibility Improve occupant comfort

Limitations of DALI
Command Set Fade Time: <0.7 sec to 90 sec Requires computer to initialize and program Intended only for lighting Not enough products

Wish List
Compact Fluorescent Ballast Incandescent Dimmer 120 Volts Incandescent Dimmer 12 Volts Metal Halide Ballast LED Driver Occupancy Sensor Photo Sensor Daylight Harvesting

Wish List (Contd)

Schedulers Peak Load Shaving Audio/Visual Interface Motor Control for Blinds, Curtains, Projection Screens Gateways for BACnet, DMX512, LONWORKS, and TCP/IP Interface to 0-10V dimming system

Credits
Dalai Lama Ian Ashdown Bob Beatty Brian Beck Dick Brecher Pekka Hakkarainen Gregg Hauser Wayne Morrow Dave Peterson Steve Purdy Nehal Shah Howard Yaphe Kayo Shibano Advance / Philips DALI-AG Leviton Lightolier Osram Sylvania StarField Controls Tridonic The Watt Stopper

Conclusion
My original premise Discoveries Not enough products Sustainable Competitive Advantage

HELLO DALI