Concentric tube heat exchanger Group A5

Done by P. Neha CH10B044 A. Harika CH10B079 Shilochana CH10B091 Shivani Patel CH10B101

Problem Statement
1800 kg/h of ethylene glycol is to be cooled from 1000C to 600C by water available at 150C. The maximum temperature to which water can be heated is 420C. Ethylene glycol is circulated through the tubes while water flows through the annulus of a concentric tube heat exchanger. Inside tube is of copper while outside is of steel. Inside and outside diameters of copper tube are 12.5 and 14.5 mm respectively. Inside diameter of the outer steel tube is 22 mm. Fouling resistances and metal wall resistances can be neglected. Suggest a suitable design of a concentric tube heat exchanger. Will the heat exchanger does the duty if fluids streams are swapped?

Data Provided
Flow rate of ethylene glycol = 1800 kg/h Initial temperature of ethylene glycol = 1000C Desired final temperature of ethylene glycol = 600C Initial temperature of water = 150C Acceptable final temperature of water = 420C Inside diameter of copper tube = 12.5mm Outside diameter of copper tube = 14.5mm Inside diameter of steel tube = 22mm Density of ethylene glycol = 1078 kg/m3 Viscosity of ethylene glycol = 3.2 x 10-3 N-s/m2

Data Provided (Continued.)

Specific heat of ethylene glycol = 2650 J/kgK Thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol = 0.261 W/mK Density of water = 995 kg/m3 Viscosity of water = 0.853 x 10-3 N-s/m2 Specific heat of water = 4180 J/kgK Thermal conductivity of water = 0.614 W/mK Fouling resistances and metal wall resistances are considered to be negligible.

Introduction
Concentric tube heat exchangers create a temperature driving force by passing fluid streams of different temperatures parallel to each other, separated by a physical boundary in the form of a pipe. They are generally used in industries for purposes such as material processing, food preparation and air-conditioning

Typical concentric tube heat exchanger

Solution
According to conservation of energy Heat lost by ethylene glycol = Heat gained by water

1800*2650*(100-60) = m*4180*(42-15) Hence m = 1690.59 kg/h For the outer tube: According to correlation V = m/(*(/4)*(D^2 D^2)) Now substituting the corresponding values of all the variables and solving for velocity

V = 1690.6*4*10^6/(995*3.14*(22^2-14.5^2)*3600) = 2.19 m/s Therefore velocity of fluid is found to be 2.19 m/s Calculation of Reynolds number: Re = (*v*Dh/) Where Dh is the hydraulic diameter = D0 Di Dh = 22-14.5 = 7.5mm Substituting all the values of variables to determine Reynolds number

Re = (995*2.19*7.5*10^-3)/0.853*10^-3 = 19159.29 As the value of Reynolds number is found to be very high the Flow is considered to be turbulent. Calculation of Nusselts number: Correlation of nusselts number for turbulent flow is Nu = 0.027*Re^(4/5)*Pr^(1/3) where Pr = k/(*Cp) = 0.027*19159^0.8*6.808^0.33 = 135.56

As we know that Nu = h*Dh/k Where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient Dh is hydraulic diameter k is the thermal conductivity of water Now we know that Nu = 135.56 h*Dh/k = 135.56 h = 135.56*0.614/7*10^-3 = 11097.8 Therefore the convective heat transfer coefficient is found to be 11097.8

For the inner tube: V = m/(*(/4)*(D^2 D^2)) Plugging in all the necessary values of variables = 1800*4/(3600*1078*3.14*12.5^2*10^-6) = 3.78 m/s Velocity of ethylene glycol flowing inside the tubes is 3.78 m/s Calculation of Reynolds number: Re = (*v*Dh/) Plugging in all the necessary values of variables

Re = (1078*3.78*12.5*10^-3)/3.2*10^-3 Re = 15917 As the value is very high in this case also the flow inside the tube is considered to be turbulent. Calculation of Nusselts number: Correlation of nusselts number for turbulent flow is Nu = 0.027*Re^(4/5)*Pr^(1/3) where Pr = k/(*Cp) = 0.027*15917^0.8*32.49^0.33 = 195

As we know that Nu = h*Dh/k Where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient Dh is the diameter of tube k is the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol Now that we know Nu = 195 h*D/k = 195 h = 195*0.261/12.5*10^-3 = 4071.6 Therefore the convective heat transfer coefficient is found to be 4071.6

Calculation of overall heat transfer coefficient:

= 1/11097 + 2/401*

+ (1/4071)*

= 1/11097 + (2*10^-3/401)*1/ln(22/14.5) + (1/4071)*(22/14.5) = 4.7477*10^-4 Hence Uo = 2106

Calculation of length of concentric tube heat exchanger: As we know that

Where is the logarithmic mean temperature difference Plugging in all the values and appropriate expressions to calculate the length of the heat exchanger

Plugging in all the values of variables (1800*7650*40)/3600 = 2106*3014*22*10^-3*L*((100-42)-(60-15) ln((100-42)/(60-15)

53000 = 7452.4*L L = 53000/7452.4 L = 7.118m Therefore the length of the concentric tube heat exchanger is Obtained to be 7.118m

Calculation of heat duty: The amount of heat exchanged from a fluid at a higher temperature to the fluid at lower temperature in unit time by a heat exchanger is called its duty Heat duty Q = UATlmtd = 2106*3.14*22*7.118*((100-42)-(60-15) ln((100-42)/(60-15) = 2106*3.14*22*10^-3*7.118*51.23 = 53046.135 J = 53.05 KJ

References
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Fifth Edition by Frank P. Incropera and David P. Dewitt Wikipedia