IMPLICATIONS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

By ; 1 PISMP TESL 2 -Amira Izzati -Rebia -Abiramy -Yogesh

CHILDHOOD(7-12 years) Children can be taught to play musical instruments and arts. Involve the children in games, swimming, gymnastic so as to strengthen their muscles, build resistance and develop better body movement. Allow opportunities for boys to be involved with games such as football and appropriate games or sports for girls like netball. Inculcate healthy activities such as exercise and good eating habits. Differences in size and weight among peers, especially if the child is overweight can give rise

to adaptation and social problems. Teachers are advised to guide the children when necessary. Too much help will encourage dependency and may cause lack of selfconfidence. Children will feel satisfied if they are able to do things on their own. Children develop at different pace. Avoid comparing them with each other. Children are active at this stage. A teacher can prepare some activities like playing ball and running. Activities must take into account childrens muscle development especially the smaller muscles that are not yet develop.

ADOLESCENCE(12-19) Activities such as seminars or counseling can help the early adolescence to accept oneself and their body changes. Prepare exercises to help them build strength and body resistance. At this stage they are very sensitive to the physical changes, so it is appropriate to develop consciousness in healthy lifestyle like goo eating habit, exercise and to avoid negative activities such as smoking and drugs. Plan healthy social activities that are interesting. Separate changing rooms for both boys and girls.

Reduce opportunities for the girls to be observed by the boys during the physical exercises. Puberty is also a sign of sexual maturity. Prepare courses and talks on sexual activities and the reproductive system so as to equip the adolescence with knowledge of the physical changes in them. Sexual behavior may need early adolescence to make some choices. Teachers must allow them to discuss and ask questions so to help them make the right choice.

Normative development concerns the typical (normal) capabilities, as well as limitations, of most children of a given age within a given cultural group. It indicates a typical range of what children can and cannot be expected to do and learn at a given time. Normative development is important because it allows parents and other adults to understand what to expect of a child physically at different ages. For example, expecting a 3-year-old child to zip her own coat would be unrealistic because she still is developing the physical ability to use fingers in that way.

Dynamic development concerns the sequence and physical changes that occur in all aspects of a child's functioning with the passage of time and increasing experience, and how these changes interact. A level that is too high may produce frustration, distortion, or rote learning; one that is too low can result in disinterest and boredom

Reflect yourself for the activities that you love to do at particular age. E.g : when a child aged 9 is in a music class, he prefers to sing songs rather than learn the notes. What are the benefits of activities conducted? What are the barriers for some children according to their physical development and is there any solutions to solve it?

Identify materials that could be used and if it suits the age and the development of the child. Describe the areas of the physical development involved.

Parents and caregivers should pay attention to their child's physical growth and give loving support as their children develop these skills. The implications to the primary teacher is to give children enough physical activities to influence their growth. The teacher is required to plan in rhythmic patterns that improves the control of their muscles and the body. The activities must be varied to provide wide range to suit the loco-motor processes. The teacher should give children guidance and counseling on areas of sex related attitudes.

According to Eastern Kentucky University (EKU), "A good aid is like a window, it should not call attention to itself, it should just let in the light." Teaching aids provide a means of reiterating lessons, and they provide students with the opportunity to learn in a new light. More than classroom decoration, teaching aids are designed to teach, illustrate and reinforce lessons.

Children learn in a variety of ways; thus, incorporating various techniques into the learning process will prove most beneficial to children.

Edgar Dale the more sensory channels possible in interacting with a resource, the better the chance that many students can learn from it.

Realia
Realia are artifacts from the real world that are related to the subject matter being studied. Children can interact with the realia to gain better perspective on what they are studying. For example, Children practicing Spanish conversation can role play ordering at a restaurant using real menus printed in Spanish from a Mexican restaurant. Other examples include photographs, road maps and that frog you dissected in biology class.

Text Books
Text books are a typical, but important teaching tool. The use of text books in class allows students to read and review new information and process it before hearing your lecture. It is also a good source for students to refer to when they are completing a practicum or are new in the field. Text books are valuable sources of information and can provide much more content than a teacher usually teaches.

 Visual

Aids

Visual aids such as PowerPoints, charts and graphs can be created by the teacher to present different skills needed to perform a physical assessment. Visuals are especially useful when teaching students how to read lab work, how to fill out a patient's chart correctly and how to fill out client history information.

Games
Games make learning fun for students of all ages. You can create a game by using an old game board or making your own. Make a set of questions cards with questions such as "Name one non-health related piece of information you will have to collect from a patient during an assessment" or "What are some factors you may have to consider when assessing someone's emotional health?" The students can take turns rolling the dice and answering questions. If they answer correctly, they can move their game piece.

 Dummies

and Dolls

Dummies and dolls can be used to role play a physical assessment. Students can practice taking vital signs, listening to the chest and performing other handson aspects of the exam. Other students can role play with each other, demonstrating proper listening and questioning skills needed during an assessment and proper interaction with a patient.