Minor Project On

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CASTELLATED STEEL BEAM

Bachelor of Technology In Infrastructure Engineering

CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION APPLICATION OF CASTELLATED BEAMS LITERATURE REVIEW METHODOLOGY DESIGN PARAMETERS FAILURE NODES

OBJECTIVE

This work focuses on testing of the properties of castellated beams such as load bearing capacity, tensile stress and shear stress distribution and web post buckling. These tests will be performed using different standard machines like Shear Testing machine(STM) and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). StaadPro V8i software shall be used to determine the stress diagrams and to perform web post buckling test.

INTRODUCTION

Castellated beams or Smart beams are beam and column section, zigzag cut along web and the cut sections welded together to produce the required section. The theory behind the castellated beam is to increase the beams depth and strength without adding additional material.

Castellated beams have been used as structural members in the Europe and the United States since the early 1900s.

The mostly used castellated beams are cellular beams.

Castellated beam with circular castellation.

Fig. 2
Fig. 1

Castellated beam with hexagonal castellation.

 APPLICATIONS

OF CASTELLATED

BEAMS

Used in multi storey commercial and industrial buildings where greater vertical bending stiffness is required. Used in long span composite floor constructions. Used for moderately loaded longer span where the design is controlled by moment capacity or deflection. It is also the most valuable option as per economic and appearance are concerned.

The Smart Solution, Billi Milligan, 2001

This work primarily focuses on

effective use of castellated beams, its manufacturing process and its design.
- Stability of Castellated Web Beams, Sevak Dimirdjian, 1999

It primarily explains the various failure nodes associated with a castellated beams and its design parameters and calculation.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The original patent was provided by Geoffrey Murray Boyd (1991) In 1982 Kerdal and Nethercot stated about section properties Hosian and Speirs (1973) studied the hole geometry Stability of Castellated Web Beams, Sevak Dimirdjian, 1999 The Smart Solution, Billi Milligan, 2001

METHODOLOGY
COMPONENTS OF A CASTELLATED BEAM

Fig. 3

CODE NAME OF CASTELLATED BEAM-

CB24 x 26 (As per American code given in StaadPro) Here, CB : Castellated beam 24 : Depth of 24 inches 26 : Weight of 26lb per foot

Standard notation of Asymmetric cellular beam 466x171/305x82 kg/m A.C.B (300@450,300W) Standard notation of symmetric cellular beam 533x200x122 kg/m C.U.B (550@675, 300W)

DESIGN PARAMETER OF A CASTELLATED BEAM-

Fig. 4

CUTTING ANGLE ()
The cutting angle influences the number of castellation N per unit length of the beam. It considerably enhances the ductility and rotation capacity.

EXPANSION RATIO ()
The expansion ratio is a measure of the increased depth achieved by castellation. In practice,
hT = hS/4; hc = (hs/2)+h; = hc/h

WELDING LENGTH (C) If the welded length is too short, then web weld will fail in horizontal shear. Thus, the following relationship is used-

C = hs/4

FAILURE NODES

Seven potential failure modes are associated with castellated beams1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

Formation of a flexure mechanism. Lateraltorsion buckling of the entire beam. Formation of Vierendeel mechanism. Rupture of the welded joint in a web post. Compression buckling of a web post. Compression buckling of a tee.

VIERENDEEL MECHANISM
Out of the seven different failure node, Vierendeel Mechanism is of utmost importance. The Vierendeel truss analogy analyzes the castellated beam as if its geometry is comprised of components of a Vierendeel truss (See Fig 5).

Fig. 5