AIDS in Adolescents and Youngsters

AIDS in Adolescents and Youngsters
Prof. Jorge Pelez Mendoza M.D. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Havana University School of Medicine

WHO Reports:
The higher rates of Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs) including AIDS and HIV

infection, have been reported in young people 20 to 24 years old, followed by Adolescents from 15 to 19 years old.
Population Reference Bureau,1996.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

WHO Reports: More than 34 millions have been infected
by the HIV virus all over the World.

Conservative estimates report that 50% or more are younger than 25 years.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

16 000 AIDS new cases are daily reported in the World !
8 000 are youngsterss between 10 and 24 years
EVERY MINUTE FIVE NEW CASES ARE DIAGNOSED

UN / AIDS / 1999
.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Reported cases do not include:
Adolescents who are infected by the HIV and are asymptomatic. Adolescents whose symptoms do not
meet the specific criteria for AIDS.

Young adults who were infected as teenagers but became symptomatic in their 20s.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Reported cases do not include:
Given the long period of latency between infection and the onset of symptoms (mean:11 years), many individuals 25 to 30 years of age with AIDS must have acquired the disease as teenagers.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
Associated Risk Factors

Physiologic Development Sexual Activity Sexually Transmitted Diseases Alcohol and Drug Use Behavior Gender and Sociocultural Factors
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

AIDS in the United States of America
Rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of death among adolescents. The number of adolescents diagnosed with AIDS is doubling every 14 months. Heterosexual contact was the most frequent route of transmission among females.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Cuba Reported cases : 2810 - 100%
Adolescents and Youngters: 1120 - 39,8 %

31,2 % of the adolescents
Females
52,8 % of the females

12,4 % of all seropositives and AIDS patients.
350
.Epidemiologc Dep. SSV/ 04-2000
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

AIDS in Cuba. Patients per years
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
All Ages Adol. And Young Adol. And Young Girls
19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 1 Ap 999 ril 20 00
Epidemiologic Dep. SSVApril 2000
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
Route of Expossure (10 - 24 years)

Route of Expossure
Homo / Bisexual
Female % Male
4 1,14 640
%
83,1
Heterosexual
Others
343
3
98,0
0,85
128
2
16,6
0,2
N=1120
.Epidemiologc Department SSV/ 04-2000
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

AIDS in Cuba, Sex Ratio
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
ages groups 302 200 150 468 663 2147
Female Male
10 to 19
20 to 24
all ages
N=1120
Epidemiologic Dep. SSV /April 2000
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Age at First Intercourse and AIDS
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 11 o < 12 13 14
Males Females
.
15 16 o >
N=1120
Epidemiologic Dep. SSV/April 2000
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Number of Sexual Partners and AIDS
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 4-6 7-10 +10 NR
N=1120
Males
Females
.
3o<
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Socials and Sexual Risky Factors(Females)
55 157 207 213
N=350
Mothers Penal Records

Abortion Use Drug/Alcohol

JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Socials and Sexual Risky Factors (Males) Fathers Others S.T.D. Penal Records Use drugs/alcohol
N=770
138 483 487 343
17,9 % 62,7 % 63,2 % 44,5 %
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

AIDS in Cuba. Ocupation.
85 596
85 358
N=1120
Students Workers Nothing Others
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Total of Dead
Adults
340 384
Adolesc and Young
274 Male
N=724
110 Female
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Conclusions:
The sex ratio tends to be evened while the age at diagnosis descends. Prevailed the heterosexual route of expossure in adolescents and young females, and the homo / bisexual in males. The precedent of precocious sexual initiation
and multiple sexual partners presented a

high incidence.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Conclusions:
The majority of the adolescents and youngsters with HIV / AIDS were not studying neither
working at the time of the diagnostic.

More than half of the adolescents and young
females had antecedent of Abortions.

JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Conclusions: More than half of the adolescents and youngsters had antecedents of risky and social behavior and even Penal
Records.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

We can help reduce the risks by providing!!! Information about HIV infection, transmission and prevention. Education on purchasing and the proper use of condoms. Information to help adolescents identify their own risk-related behaviors. Training and role playing exercises to help adolescents develop communication and assertiveness skills needed for negotiations.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

Adolescents will be benefited with: Accurate, age-appropriate, culturally-relevant information. Identification of high-risk adolescents and
Preventive intervention and risk reduction.

Training of different levels of care in risk-reduction
counseling.
Medical and psychosocial treatments.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
Recommendations:
All primary health care service providers who works with youngsters should
become knowledgeable about HIV in order to incorporate methods of assessment, referral and treatment into their practice.
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
This is particularly critical given that the number of adolescent affected by the AIDS epidemic will continue to increase in the New Millenium..
Recommendations:
JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001
THANKS YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION JPM/SIJ SCOG/2001

AIDS in Adolescents and Youngsters

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