SCIENCE FORM 5

THE MOTION OF VEHICLES ON LAND

VEHICLES WITHOUT ENGINES Many vehicles do not use engines to move about e.g bicycle,wheelbarrows,bullock carts the bicycle use human energy to paddle and move it

1. When we pedal a bicycle, the sprocket turns

2. The sprocket turns the iron chain that turns the hub

3. The hub turns the back wheel

4. The bicycle moves forward

STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF ENGINES

Chemical Energy Combustion Expansion Heat Mechanical Work

Petrol engines

Vehicles with engines

Diesel engines

Four stroke petrol engine Two stroke petrol engine

Four stroke diesel engine

Two stroke petrol engine

It is used for small machines e.g. motor boats,motorcycles and lawn movers

Comparison between the two stroke and four stroke engine

Four stroke petrol engine

Two stroke petrol engine

Similarities
Used in car Used in lawn mower

oInternal combustion engine type o uses petrol as fuel oEnergy change : Chemical energy Heat Energy o Use spark plug to light the fuel

Kinetic Energy

continue

Comparison between the two stroke and four stroke engine

Four stroke petrol engine
Differences
Four strokes Has inlet and exhaust valves Petrol -air mixture flows directly into the cylinder through the inlet valve Number of stroke involves Components How fuel gets into the engine cylinder

Two stroke petrol engine

Two strokes Has inlet and outlet ports Petrol-air mixture fills up the crankshaft space before getting into the cylinder through the transfer port

Bigger power and more efficient

Bigger and heavier Cars

Power and effiency

Engine sizes and weight Uses

Smaller power and less efficient

Smaller and lighter Lawn mowers

Comparison between the petrol and diesel engines

Use fossil fuel as the source of energy Power is derived from fuel combustion based on four stroke or two stroke process

Similarities
Petrol engine

Differences
Fuel used
Means of fuel ignition Fuel in cylinder Noise level Efficiency level Environment friendly

Diesel engine

Petrol
Spark plugs Mixture of petrol and air Quiet Less effiency More eco friendly

Diesel
Fuel injected into hot gas Hot air Noisy About 40% more efficient Causes more pollution