Common Communicable and Infectious Diseases

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Pulmonary Tubercolosis
A chronic, subacute or acute respiratory disease commonly affecting the lungs characterized by the formation of turbecles in the tissues which tend to undergo ceseation, necrosis and calcification

Coloured X-ray of PTB

Pertussis
Whooping Cough Pertussis is an infectious disease characterized by repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing which consists of a series of explosive expirations, typically ending in a long-drawn forced inspiration which produces a crowing sound, the whoop and is usually followed by vomiting.

Measles
Measles is an acute, contagious and exanthematous disease that usually affects children who are susceptible to upper respiratory tract infection. This may be one of the most common and most serious of all childhood diseases.

Chicken Pox
Chicken pox is an acute and highly contagious disease of viral etiology that is characterized by vesicular eruptions on the skin and mucus membrane with mild constitutional symptoms.

Mumps
Mumps is an acute viral disease manifested by the swelling of one or both parotid glands, with occasional involvement of other glandular structures, particularly the testes in males.

Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute bacterial disease that can infect the body in two areas: throat (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (skin or cutaneous diphtheria).

Respiratory Diphtheria

Cutaneous Diphtheria

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus.

coronavirus

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Infectious Diarrhea
Gastroenteritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation ("-itis") of thegastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach ("gastro"-) and the small intestine("entero"-), resulting in some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping.

Cholera
Cholera is an acute bacterial enteric disease of the GIT characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, massive loss of fluid and electrolytes, which could result in hypovolemic shock, acidosis, and death.

Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever is a bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated water, milk, shellfish and other foods. It is an infection of the GIT affecting the lymphoid tissues of the small intestines called Peyers Patches.

Severe Rashes

Schistosomiasis
This is a slowly, progressive disease caused by blood flukes of class Trematoda. It is a chronic wasting disease common among farmers and their families in certain parts of the Philippines.

Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease carried by animals, both domestic and wild. Infected urine contaminates water and food, which causes disease when ingested or inoculated through the skin.

Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis protozoal infection of human beings initially involves the colon, but may spread to soft tissues, most commonly the liver and lungs, by contiguity or hematogenous

Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary Dysentery is an acute bacterial infection of the intestines characterized by diarrhea and fever and is associated with the passing out of bloody mucoid stools accompanied by tenesmus.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Tetanus
Tetanus is an infectious disease characterized by Clostridium Tetani, which produces a potent exotoxin with prominent systematic neuromuscular effects such as generalized spasmodic contractions of the skeletal musculator.

Rabies
Rabies is a specific, acute viral infection communicated to man by saliva of an infected animal.

Red Tide
Red Tide is caused by a population explosion of toxic, naturally occurring phytoplanktons, specifically a subgroup known as dinoflagellates.

Leprosy
Leprosy is a chronic systemic infection characterized by progressive cutaneous lesions.

Herpes Zoster
Herpes Zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the same virus responsible for chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus. After the initial exposure, herpes zoster lies dormant in certain nerve fibers. It may become active as a result of many factors such as aging, suppression of the immune system, stress, and certain medication.

Botulism
The word came from the Latin botulus, (sausage), a rare but seriously paralytic illness caused by a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum.

Meningitis
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord as a result of viral or bacterial infection.

Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammatory disease involving part or all of the nervous system, resulting in abnormal functioning of the brain and spinal cord.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

Dengue Fever
Dengue Fever is an acute febrile disease caused by infection with one of the serotypes of dengue virus, which is transmitted by mosquito Aedes.

Malaria
Malaria is an acute and chronic parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and is confined mainly to tropical and subtropical areas.

Filariasis
Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the microscopic, threadlike African eye worm. The adult worm can live only in the human lymphatic system.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFFECTING THE SKIN

Scabies
Scabies is an age-old skin infection caused by an itch mite, which penetrates the skin, forming burrows.

Herpes Simples
Herpes Simplex is a viral disease characterized by the appearance of sores and blisters anywhere on the skin. These sores usually occur either around the mouth and nose, or on genitalia and buttocks.

PARASITIC INFESTATIONS

Ascariasis
An infection caused by a parasitic roundworm, Ascaris Lumbricoides

Hookworm Disease
Hookworm Disease is an intestinal parasite of humans that usually causes diarrhea or cramps. Hookworm infection occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical countries.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a sexually-transmitted disease involving the mucosal lining of the genitourinary tract, the rectum and the pharynx.

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is the inflammation of the liver caused by Hepatitis B virus. This is considered to be more serious than hepatitis A due to the possibility of complications such as massive damage and hepatocarcinoma of the liver.

Syphillis
Syphillis is a chronic, infectious, sexually transmitted disease that usually begins in the mucus membranes and quickly becomes systemic.

HIV/AIDS
Stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is acquired, which is means it is neither hereditary nor inborn. It involves an immune deficiency. When a persons immune system breaks down, he or she becomes susceptible to many infections.

Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a sexually-transmitted disease caused by bacteria Chlamydia Trachomatis. When transmitted through sexual contact, the bacteria can infect the urinary and reproductive organs.

Prepared by
PALADA, JUDE GELERA BSN-III