Physics

How Do Things Work?

Contents (Forces)
 Newtons + Gravity.
 Types of Force.
 Another Example
 Equal Forces
 Also, Press the question mark to view light
and sound.
Newtons + Gravity
 Newtons are measured with a
newtonmetre. Heavier objects will weigh
more Newtons.
 Gravity will act stronger on objects that
weigh more. Gravity is a force, that pulls
objects towards the earth’s centre.
Equal Forces
 For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
 For example, as a car moves there is drag
as well as pushing force.
Example
 Let us consider the forces acting on this
car.

The car is not moving Also the car is not flying

forward or backwards or sinking so therefore
so the forward and the upwards and
backward forces are downwards forces are
balanced. balanced to.
Types of Force
 Forces can be twists, pushes or pulls.
 For example, pulling open a draw is a
pulling force, as you are applying force to
the draw to move it. And opening a jar is a
twisting force as you twist the lid to open it.
Light And Sound
 Light
 Reflection
 Shadows
 Sound
 Echoes
 Continue To Next Subject
Light
 Light Travels In Straight Lines.
 However it can be reflected so it can travel
around corners. Sometimes Fibre Optics
are used.
 Find out more about
reflection HERE.
Reflection
 The angle of incidence always equals the
angle of reflection.
 Reflection is when light is bounced off a
reflective surface.
 Reflection is the only way light can travel
round corners.
Sound
 Sound travels by vibrating particles in the
air.
 Sound travels faster in a solid as the
particles are more closely packed together.
 Sound cannot travel in a vacuum as there
are no particles for it to vibrate.
Echoes
 Echoes are caused when sound hits an
object and bounces back.
 Bats hunt using echo location, by sending
out a sound and as it echoes when it hits
an object the bat can tell where its prey is.
 The sound bats use is called ultrasound.
Shadows
 A shadow is cast when light hits an opaque
object.
 A shadow is an area behind the object
where the light cannot get to.
World Of Matter
 Solids
 Liquids
 Gases
 Changes Of State
Solids
 The particles in solids are very closely
packed together.
 Solids cannot be squashed or change
shape.
 The particles are locked in a set shape.
Liquids
 Liquids have closely packed particles, but
they can move and slide over each other.
 Liquids can change shape to fill the
container they are in but cannot change
size.
Gasses
 The particles in a gas can move freely and
are widely spaced out.
 Gasses can change shape.
 They also expand to fill the container they
are in.
Changes of State
 Solid to Liquid – Melting
 Liquid to Solid – Freezing
 Liquid to Gas – Evaporating
 Gas to Liquid – Condensing
 Solid to Gas – Subliming