Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AN ENVIRONMENT SAVIOUR
SPECIFICATION
HORIZONTAL FLOW STEEL CASING PYRAMIDAL HOPPER
DESIGN CODE FLOW TEMP. INLET DUST BURDE TREATMENT TIME PRESSURE DROP C.E RAPPING FREQ. E.E RAPPING FREQ.
: FAA-6*45-78125-2 : 296M3/SEC. : 1290C :73.83gm/m3(78.66T/HR) :35.37 SEC. :20 MMWC :1.1RPM :2.5 RPM
CORONA EFFECT
COLLECTING ELECTRODE EMITTING ELECTRODE
WHAT IS CORONA ? CORONA is an electric discharge phenomenon in which gas molecules are ionised by the collision of electron in the region of high strength electric field. The electron for CORONA initiation is supplied by random source such as natural radioactivity or cosmic rays. Under the influence of high strength electric field these free electrons are accelerated to terminal velocity. The rapidly moving electrons collide with the orbital electron of gas molecule and release it from the orbit. Hence the gas molecule assumes + VE charge and more free electrons are released. The free electrons again collide with other gas molecules, forms +VE ions and releases more free electrons . This process continues till the energy of free electrons reduces to the level that it can not dislodge the orbital electron of gas molecule,hence these free electrons are captured by the gas molecules and assumes -VE charge.Under the influence of electric field ,these -Ve charged gas molecules move towards collecting electrode and charge the dust particles. When dust particle gets saturated electric field is exerted on it and move towards collecting electrode where it gives up its charge and stick there due to intermolecular cohesive/adhesive forces. More the intensity of electric field, more fast and more the no. of free electrons, accordingly more ionisation &more efficiency of ESP.
ACR
HVR
HFC
VE
VE HVRC
ICE-C
ACR-TO LIMIT THE P/CURRENT IN CASE OF FLASH OVER ON D.C.SIDE SHR-SHUNT RESISTER,1V=FULL CURRENT HVRC=HIGH VOLTAGE RESISTER CKT.,400MICRO AMPS. HFC-HIGH FREQ. CHOKE,PROTECTS HVR FROM SURGE OCCURING DURING SPARKING
RESISTIVITY(ohm-cm)
There are two forces acting on the dust particles having perpendicular to each other as shown in above diagram. The first one is due to flow of gas and the second one is due to electric force on the ionized dust particle perpendicular to the motion of gas. The path followed by the dust particle will be resultant of two forces as shown above. The efficiency of ESP decreases with increase in velocity & decrease in voltage.
ELECTRIC FORCE
RAPPING FREQUENCY Rapping is also a complex phenomenon in ESP . If rapping frequency is too high then it will not allow the dust to deposit on collecting electrode and hence the collection /removal of dust will be difficult. Similarly, if rapping frequency is too low then very thick layer of ash will deposit on C.E. which will cause considerable voltage drop or can cause back corona if resistivity is very high . C.E. RAPPING FREQ.
FIELD NO.
START TIME REPEAT TIME RAPS/HR.
01 02 03 04 05 06
15 12 10 08 05 02
SPARK RATE
RECOMMENDED :5-10 SPM Field strength is adjusted in such a way that limited sparks takes place. With some sparks/min. , we are able to create more strong field . The outage due to spark is offset by achieving more strong electric field with limited spark. However, if spark is too high then frequent collapse of field will reduce the efficiency and increase the erosion of emitting electrode.
01 02 03 04 05 06
20 10 06 04 03 02
BACK CORONA Back corona is the emission of +ve ions from collected dust
layer that occurs when voltage drop across the collected dust layer exceeds the electrical breakdown strength of interstitial gases in the dust layer. As the high resistive dust layer builds upon the collecting electrodes , the the dust layer and collecting electrode form a high strength electric field. The surface of the dust layer is negatively charged ,the interior is neutral and collecting electrode is grounded (+ ve) .Under this condition all the ion current must pass through the dust layer to reach the collecting electrode . This current creates an electric field in the dust layer & when it becomes large enough the local electrical breakdown of interstitial gases occurs. As this happens ,+ve ions are generated within the dust layer and are accelerated towards emitting electrode .On the way it neutralizes the -ve charged particles and reduces the ESP efficiency.This breakdown condn. is BACK CORONA.The voltage reduces and current increases in this condition.. Resistivity 2*1011 ohm-cm
Various ESP performance improvement programmes have been followed in NTPC stations where SPM emissions were reported to be high.The modification programmes followed are: Additional ESPs have been retrofitted at BADARPUR TPS St.-I, TALCHER TPS St-II & BALCO CPP (All four units). EPMS have been installed at following stations : SINGRAULI STPS (St-I& II) , KORBA STPS (St I&II) , RAMAGUNDAM STPS (St-I&II) , RIHAND STPS , VINDHYACHAL STPS , FGUTPS & FARAKKA STPS (St I ). Also dummy fields filling done at SINGRAULI (St I) and RAMAGUNDAM (St I) UNITS . By providing EPMS in above seven stations , there has been very high reduction in energy consumption (Up to 70 %) and marginal reduction in SPM emission (Up to 22%).
1. 2. 3.
Badarpur (st I)
TALCHER TPS (St -II) BALCO
In spite of retrofitting/renovation programmes , the SPM emission of following stations are still exceeding the statutory limit of 150mg/NM3 as per EP-AIR ACT 1981:
STATION
PERFORMANCE OF ESPs
DESIGN SPM RIHAND I 100 BALCO 150 KORBA I 300 KORBA II 396 FARAKKA I 550
1*200 MW SC 2*200 +3*500 MW FGC 4*67.5 MW FGC FGC MODIFICATION THROUGH ANSALDO