I. T.

Presentation
GROUP H

Biotechnology & I.T.

Ilika Ranjan 9015 Namita Tiwari 9019 Nirupama Rao 9023

Contents
What

is Biotechnology? The Past of Biotechnology Bioinformatics The Indian Angle SWOT Indian Biotech Industry Future trends

Heard this????

Humans will not fly for another 50 years Wilbur Wright, 1901 I envision a world market of about five (5) computers Thomas Watson, 1943 No one needs to have a personal computer at home Kenneth Olsen, 1977 640K will be enough memory for everyone Bill Gates, 1981 This ship is so strong an iceberg couldnt sink it Leonardo de Caprio on the Titanic, 1998

WE PREDICT.
It will be a disease free world in another 100 years. -Namita Tiwari Average age of an individual will be 150 years by the next century. - Ilika Ranjan Clones of Osama will populated Afganistan..little osama everywhere.with little Bush catching them!! -Niru

Biotechnology Defined
Use of the cellular and molecular processes to solve problems or make products
(Biotechnology Industry Organization)

What is Bioinformatics?

Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline.

Bioinformatics is a field that allows the study of genes and proteins using computers and other forms of technology. It also involves inventing methods to build 3-D models of proteins, which can show potential binding sites for drugs. The purpose behind bioinformatics is to eventually be able to use technology to predict information about genes given only its primary DNA sequence.

Biotechnology Timeline
Bacteria is used to make foods (yeast & fermentation) 1953 Watson & Crick discover double helix structure of DNA 1980s genetic engineering- transfer of genetic information from one organism to another 1994 1st genetically engineered fruit approved by FDA 1997 Dolly the sheep cloned

1856 Mendel begins study of plant genetics

1973 Researchers develop ability to isolate genes

1982 1st commercial applicationhuman insulin for diabetes treatment

1990 Human Genome Project launched

2000 Human genetic code deciphered

Basic Sciences Drive Biotech

Complexity
Proteomics Genetics

Biochemistry
Physiolog y

Evolution
Stone Age
Based on visual analysis

Pharm Age
Using chemical & biological pathways

Gene Age
Genomic research & treatments

New Age
Precise treatments specific proteins

X-ray machines Microscopes

Spectrometer NMR

Gene splicers Gene sequencers

Biochips Protein specific devices/equip

Applications of Biotech
Diagnostics Food Human Health care Plants Veterinary Biopesticies

Applications of Biotech
Enzymes Biofertilizers Industrial products Vaccines Environment Aquaculture

Main benefits in Healthcare

Side effect free medicine Individual specific medicine Early diagnostic methods Organ replacements Save money in drug approval Reduction of National Health Costs Ease of Drug Delivery Treatment of Fatal Diseases

PRESENT

117 biotechnology drug products and vaccines approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). More than 350 biotech drug products and vaccines currently in clinical trials targeting more than 200 diseases, including various cancers, Alzheimers disease, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritis.

Need for IT

Nucleotide sequences are being added to the databases at a rate of more than 210 million base pairs (bp) per year, and the database content is doubling in size approximately every 14 months.

Need for Bioinformatics

1.

Bioinformatics is required at several different stages during high-throughput DNA sequencing. The signals passing the detector of the flurorescent DNA sequencing instrument must be automatically captured and converted into a stream of nucleotides (base calling).

Need for bioinformatics(contd)

2.Sophisticated software algorithms are required to assemble, edit, and compare the sequence data. 3.Data management
4. Making sense of the data

5. Predicting functions/Predicting structures

Genomics
Genomics is the entire process of creating genebased drugs and therapies starting from gene sequencing to analysis and interpretation to drug development. The ultimate purpose of genomics is to produce high quality drugs, which are either side effect free or allow recognition of patients at a., risk for side effects.

Genomics
GENOMICS
Structural
Bioinformatics

Functional
Proteomics Expression analysis.

IN THE PAST

At the beginning of the "genomic revolution," a bioinformatics concern was the creation and maintenance of a database to store biological information, such as nucleotide and amino acid sequences.
Development of this type of database involved not only design issues, but also the development of complex interfaces whereby researchers could both access existing data as well as submit new or revised data.

PRESENT SCENARIO

All of this information must be combined to form a comprehensive picture of normal cellular activities so that researchers may study how these activities are altered in different disease states. Therefore, the field of bioinformatics has evolved such that the most pressing task now involves the analysis and interpretation of various types of data, including nucleotide and amino acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures.

U.S.A MARKET

There are 1,273 biotechnology companies in the United States, of which 300 are publicly held.
Market Capitalization increased 156 percent in one year, soaring from $137.9 billion in 1999 to $353.5 billion in 2000.

Leading Genomic Companies Funded by Pharmaceuticals

Company
Millenium Human Genome Sciences Celera

Research Areas
Drug Discovery & Data Providers Drug Discovery & Data Providers Data Providers

Projects
Obesity & Diabetes DNA sequencing DNA sequencing

Major Partnerships
Roche & Bristol Mayers SmithKline Beecham PE Corporation

Affymetrix
Agouron Sangamo

Data Providers, Genomics Tech.

Drug Discovery Technology

GeneChip
X-Ray, crystal -lography Universal Gene Recognition

P&G, Merck, Novartis

Pfizer, Alanex Bristol Mayers, P&G, Baxter Healthcare

INDIAN BIOTECH MARKET

Health biotech =$ 1.5 billion in 2001.
Human Biotech Agro & Vet Biotech Others 900 mn 225 mn 375 mn

Did u know..
More than 115 Indian companies involved in biotechnology.

Only 10 have actually entered the arena of modern biotechnology

CERTAIN INITIATIVES
Spectramind- Started a year ago with initial funding of Rs 50 cr, in field of Bioinformatics. Satyam Computer Services- offering bioinformatics services to its global clientele. Tamilnadu Industrial Development Corporation and US based Genome Technologies- to set up Rs 450 cr bioinformatics project at Chennai.

BIOTECH INDUSTRY IN INDIA

CURRENT SCENARIO

It is in nascent stages R & D initiative has gone beyond Govt. labs. Biotech Cos. at lower end of value chain. Vast bio-diversity Agrarian economy R & D infrastructure Government initiatives Intellectual capital Enabling regulations Strong industry base of Pharma/IT

ADVANTAGE INDIA

THE INDIAN SCENARIO

Biotech provides a window of opportunity for future business leaders in India. Immense human expertise, low cost R&D advantage can be leveraged as facilitators by Indian bio-entrepreneurs to create wealth and carve their own niche with competitive advantage.

Strengths of Indian biotech Industry.

Trained manpower and knowledge base. Good network of research labs

Rich bio diversity

Well developed base industries E.g. Pharma, seeds Access to intellectual resources of NRIs in this area.

Weakness
Missing link between research and commercialization Lack of venture capital as compared to USA Very low R&D expenditure by industry. Lack of innovative R&D culture Image of Indian industry- Quality

Opportunities
Large local market Export potential

Base for contract research for international companies due to rising costs of R&D abroad Large number of patients covering wider range of diseases.

Threats
Other developing countries like China is investing heavily and giving policy push to this sector.

Danger of anti-biotech propaganda gaining grounds

IPR policies Inadequate policy framework.

Benefits
Bioinformatics promises to lead to advances in understanding basic biological processes, and in turn, advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of many genetic diseases. Bioinformatics has transformed the discipline of biology from a purely lab-based science to an information science as well.

Conclusions
Increasingly, biological studies begin with a scientist conducting vast numbers of database and Web site searches to formulate specific hypotheses or design large-scale experiments. The implications behind this change, for both science and medicine, are staggering.

Thank You!!!!

Questions!!!