Mouth Ulcers

Maria Skolastika Maharani da Rato

Definisi
Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth.1 A mouth ulcer is the loss or erosion of part of the delicate tissue that lines the inside of the mouth (mucous membrane).2

Mayor ulcer

Minor ulcer

Herpetiform ulcer

Aphtous Ulcer

Cold sores

Etiologi
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2)
Melalui:3 Direct skin to skin contact Intermediary object (eating utensil, cup, lipstick, toothbrush, face towel) Oral seks

Faktor risiko3,4
Gangguan emosi dan stres. Stres fisik dan kelelahan. Cedera pada bibir atau kulit, seperti trauma fisik atau pecah-pecah yang parah.

People who have weakened immune systems are at higher risk of complications from the virus. Medical conditions and treatments that increase your risk of complications include: HIV/AIDS Cancer chemotherapy Anti-rejection drugs for organ transplants

Manifestasi Klinis5
Warning symptoms include: Itching of the lips or skin around mouth Burning near the lips or mouth area Tingling near the lips or mouth area Before blisters appear, you may have: Sore throat Fever Swollen glands Painful swallowing

Blisters or a rash may form on your: Gums Lips Mouth Throat

Stage of Cold sore

Tingle

Blister

Open sore

scab

Healing

Stage of Cold Sore

Patomekanisme

Langkah penegakan diagnosa

1.
2. 3.

History
Examination Lab: Kultur Virus PCR Blood test Tzanck Test

Penatalaksanaan5
Symptoms may go away on their own without treatment in 1 to 2 weeks. Your health care provider can prescribe medicines to fight the virus. This is called antiviral medicine. It can help reduce pain and make your symptoms go away sooner. Medicines used to treat mouth sores include: Acyclovir Famciclovir Valacyclovir These medicines work best if you take them when you have warning signs of a mouth sore, before any blisters develop. If you get mouth sores frequently, you may need to take these medicines all the time.

Antiviral skin creams may also be used. However, they are expensive and often only shorten the outbreak by a few hours to a day.

The following steps can also help make you feel better: Apply ice or a warm washcloth to the sores to help ease pain. Wash the blister gently with germ-fighting (antiseptic) soap and water. This helps prevent spreading the virus to other body areas. Avoid hot beverages, spicy and salty foods, and citrus. Gargle with cool water or eat popsicles. Rinse with salt water. Take a pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Pencegahan
Hindari berciuman dan kontak kulit dengan orang lain ketika terlihat adanya kulit yang melepuh. Hindari pinjam meminjam peralatan Jaga tangan agar tetap bersih. Hati-hati saat menyentuh bagian lain tubuh anda. Gunakan sunblock.

Prognosis5
There is no cure for cold sores.
Oral herpes usually goes away by itself in 1 to 2 weeks. However, it may come back.
Herpes infection may be severe and dangerous if: It occurs in or near the eye (ocular herpes) You have a weakened immune system due to certain diseases and medications

Daftar Pustaka
1. Mouth Ulcers. MedlinePlus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm 2. Mouth Ulcers. Better Health Channel. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Mouth_ulcer s 3. Cold sores. http://www.animated-teeth.com/cold_sores/t3_cold_sores_stages.htm 4. Cold sore. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cold-sore/DS00358/DSECTION=riskfactors 5. Herpes Oral. MedlinePlus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000606.htm