Herzbergs Two Factor Theory

Motivational factors Hygiene factors

Herzberg conducted a motivational study on 200 accountants and engineers and concluded:
There are certain factors that tend to be consistently related to job satisfaction

and on the other hand there are certain factors which are consistently related to job dissatisfaction.

 Motivation factors: They are intrinsic in nature These factors have a positive effect on job satisfaction and often results in increase in output. They enhances: morale,satisfaction,efficiency and productivity.

Hygiene Factors: They are extrinsic in nature and do not motivate people.

intrinsic motivation Manager speaking,

Your promotion has been approved

Extrinsic motivation

Yaaaaa ahhh!!!

Job Satisfaction
Influenced by: Motivation factors
Achievement Recognition Responsibility Work Itself Advancement Personal growth

Herzbergs Two factor principles Improving the motivator factors INCREASES job satisfaction

Job Dissatisfaction
Influenced by: Hygiene factors
Working condition Coworker relations Policies and rules Supervision wage, salary Job security Personal life Job Status Quality supervisor Relation to subordinates

Improving the hygiene factors DECREASES job dissatisfaction

Contrasting views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction.

Traditional view
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction

Herzbergs View
Motivator factor Satisfaction No satisfaction
Hygiene factor Dissatisfaction No Dissatisfaction

Mcclellands Need theory

He found that people who acquire certain needs behave differently from others.
3-types of needs: Need for Achievement (n Ach) Need for power (n Pow) Need for Affiliation (n Aff)

The three types of need

Need for Achievement (nAch) Desire to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks. People high in nAch prefer work that: Involves individual responsibility for results. Involves achievable but challenging goals. Provides feedback on performance.

Need for power (nPower)

Desire to control other persons, to influence their behavior, or to be responsible for other people. Personal power versus social power. People high in nPower prefer work that: Involves control over other persons. Has an impact on people and events. Brings public recognition and attention.

Need for Affiliation (nAff) Desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with other persons. People high in nAff prefer work that: Involves interpersonal relationship. Provides for companionship. Brings social approval.