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Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-25
Measuring the Components of CPU
Performance
Clock cycle time: Timing simulator or timing verifiers
IC(instruction count)
Direct measurement from running the applications on hardware
Instruction set simulator - slow but accurate
Instrumentation code approach: the binary program is modified by
inserting some extra code into every basic block. Fast but need
instruction set translation if simulated machine differs from simulating
machine.
CPI: very difficult to measure
CPI = Pipeline CPI + Memory system CPI
Basic block
Label:xxx Branch *** Branch *** Label: xxx
Branch *** Branch *** Label: xxx Label: xxx
Use the CPU performance equations to compute performance
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-26
Principle of Locality
Application of Amdahls Law
A program spends 90% of execution time in on 10% of the
code.
Temporal locality: Recently accessed items are likely to be
accessed in the near future.
Spatial locality: Items whose addresses are near one
another tend to be referenced close together in time.
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-27
Put it All Together
Performance and Price-Performance
Desktop computers
Server computers
Embedded processors
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-28
Price and Performance of Desktops (1)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-29
Price and Performance of Desktops (2)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-30
Price and Performance of Servers (1)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-31
Price and Performance of Servers (2)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-32
Price&Performance of Embedded Processors (1)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-33
Price&Performance of Embedded Processors (2)
Rung-Bin Lin Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design 1-34
Price&Performance of Embedded Processors (3)