Digest

Similar to abstract Brief account or a summary Condensation of the entire document and retains the author style and other factors Length of digest should be one-half or one -third of its original content

Brief
Type of summary Form of a sentence outline with connecting words and phrases added to it

 Synopsis
Briefer than abstract Lacks both the detailed information and the style of original report Orderly arrangement of main points, in outline form Only give significant features For E.g.
The result of the questionnaire survey are shown in the table form and discussed .

Placed as a last paragraph in the introduction or beginning for dissertation or typed separately

Abridgement It is a term defined as "shortening" or "condensing" and is most commonly used in reference to the act of reducing a written work, typically a book, into a shorter form.

Abstract
It is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline It is used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper

Classification of Abstract
Descriptive abstract
summarizes the purpose, scope, and methods used to arrive at the reported findings. It is a slightly expanded table of contents in sentence and paragraph form. A descriptive abstract need not be longer than several sentences.

Informative abstract
It is an expanded version of the descriptive abstract. In addition to information about the purpose, scope, and research methods used, the informative abstract summarizes the results, conclusions, and any recommendations. The informative abstract retains the tone and essential scope of the report, omitting its details."

Classification of Abstract
Indicative Abstracts:
It is a guide to the contents of an article that does not reveal what the contents are in any detail. The subject and scope of the original article and sometimes the method by which the problem was solved are included. It should cover: the problem, its significance, possible solutions or hypothesis explaining it, and the methodology used to test a hypothesis or a solution. It make readers curious about the work by posing questions but withholding specific answers.

Components of an Abstract
Motivation/problem statement: Why do we care about the problem? What practical, scientific, theoretical or artistic gap is your research filling? Methods/procedure/approach: What did you actually do to get your results?

Results/findings/product: As a result of completing the above procedure, what did you learn/invent/create?
Conclusion/implications: What are the larger implications of your findings, especially for the problem/gap identified in step

Suggestions for Writing an Abstract

Dont refer to the paper in the abstract. (As the data this paper presents will show . . . ) Communicate a crucial piece of information in every sentence. Use active voice as much as possible. Omit lengthy examples, tables, and supporting details. Never include information that doesnt appear in your paper. Revise the draft into smooth, stand-alone prose; the abstract itself should be a mini-essay.

Procedure for Writing Abstracts

Highlight the objective and the conclusions that are in the papers introduction and the discussion. Bracket information in the methods section of the paper that contains keyword information. Highlight the results from the discussion or results section of the paper. Compile the above highlighted and bracketed information into a single paragraph. Condense the bracketed information into the key words and phrases that identify without explaining the methods used. Delete any extra words and phrases. Delete any background information. Rephrase the first sentence so that it starts off with the new information contained in the paper, rather than the general topic. One way to do this is to begin the first sentence with the phrase this paper or this study. Revise the paragraph so that the abstract conveys the essential information.

summary
Summary means a statement presenting the main points. A summary is a quick or short review of what happened

An overview of content that provides a reader with the overarching theme, but does not expand on specific details
Summaries can save a reader time because it prevents the reader from having to actually go through and filter the important information from the unimportant. Read more:

Tips on Composing a Summary

Reread the passage, jotting down a few keywords. State the main point in your own words. . . . Be objective: Don't mix your reactions with the summary. Check your summary against the original, making sure that you use quotation marks around any exact phrases that you borrow."

Characteristics of a Summary
Cite the author and title of the text. In some cases, the place of publication or the context for the essay may also be included. Indicate the main ideas of the text. Accurately representing the main ideas (while omitting the less important details) is the major goal of the summary. Use direct quotations of key words, phrases, or sentences. Quote the text directly for a few key ideas; paraphrase the other important ideas (that is, express the ideas in your own words.) Include author tags. ("According to Ehrenreich" or "as Ehrenreich explains") to remind the reader that you are summarizing the author and the text, not giving your own ideas. . . . Avoid summarizing specific examples or data unless they help illustrate the thesis or main idea of the text. Report the main ideas as objectively as possible. . . . Do not include your reactions; save them for your response.

ABSTRACT
NATURE AUIDENCE SCOPE Abbreviated summary Specialized or mere readers Informational, administrative, academic document Give information .Ascertain the purpose of the whole document; give an overview or preview of its content. 1.Present the problem & scope 2.Expose the used methodology; 3.Report observations and results; 4.Draw conclusions and recommendations.

SUMMARY
Unique selling point Decision makers e.g. corporate manager Solicited or unsolicited sale proposals Call for action. Persuade readers to buy on there commended solution Addressing the problem 1. State outcomes and benefits; 2. Substantiate benefits with proofs of concept; 3.Apply benefits to the reader's particular; context 4. Recommend a solution to address the problem.

PURPOSE

CONTENT

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY

LENGTH

Short. Shorter than the executive summary. Technical, static, and more academic.

Short. Longer than the abstract.

STYLE

Managerial, dynamic, and more enthusiastic