Mobile Communication

University of the Western Cape Department of Computer Science

Tiko Iyamu connectvilla@yahoo.com

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Lecture Outline
Wireless Mobility Telephone Systems Concepts of Cellular Mobile Networks Capacity of Cellular Systems Link Budget and Receive Sensitivity All IP Networks UMTS Radio Networks Architecture Cellular Telephone Handsets and Base Stations Mobility Management and Services for Cellular Networks
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Course Objectives [1]

Understand history of cellular communication including: Generations of cellular telephone systems The different types of mobile telephone systems Understand the fundamental concepts in: Networks Wireless Technology Mobile Computing Use and experiment with new technology and cutting-edge implementation
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Course Objectives [2]

Experiment with peer-to-peer and locationdependent applications Understand how Cellular Networks works Investigate novel ideas and applications of Cellular telephone

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What Mobile Computing is [1]

A formal method of describing concurrent, distributed and dynamic reconfiguration of systems They are in two fold:
Labile systems (Mobility of names) Motile systems (Mobility of processes)
Capable of moving spontaneously and independently

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What Mobile Computing is [2]

In the Mobility of Communication, two notions are involved:
Mobile computation: mobile code moving between different execution devices (agents...) Mobile computing: computation in mobile devices (laptop, crossing of firewall...)

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Wireless Mobility Telephone Systems

Generation of Cellular Mobile Telephone Systems
First Generation (1G) Cellular Networks Second Generation (2G) Cellular Networks Third Generation (3G) Cellular Networks Fourth Generation (4G) Cellular Networks

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Generation of Cellular Networks [1]

The Generations are categorised by:
Transmission type Speed Year it begin operations Functions of the particular technology

1st Generation:
Analog cellular systems (450-900 MHz)
Voice telephone only Frequency shift keying for signaling FDMA for spectrum sharing NMT (Europe), AMPS (US)

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Generation of Cellular Networks [2]

2nd Generation:
Digital cellular systems (900, 1800 MHz) Voice and data communication as a digital TDMA & CDMA for spectrum sharing Circuit switching GSM (Europe), IS-136 (US), PDC (Japan)

2.5G: Packet switching extensions

Digital: GSM to GPRS Analog: AMPS to CDPD
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Generation of Cellular Networks [3]

3rd Generation:
High speed, data and Internet services IMT-2000 UMTS & CDMA2000

4th Generation:
Wireless access technology Very high data transmission speed fastest communication of audio, video, images, data and voice

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Cellular Hierarchical Structure

Mobile Station (MS) Base Station (BS) Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

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Principles of cellular Networks [1]

Must have Mobile Terminal and Base Stations Communications area are divided in hexagonal cells Cells dimensions from hundreds of meters till tens of KM (e.g. GSM: 100m to 35KM) Each cell is served by a base station, which is formed by a transceiver and a control unit Each cell is allocated a frequency band for communication
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Principles of cellular Networks [2]

Communication from MS to BS in a reverse link Communication from BS to MS in a forward link Frequency is reused Cells that reuse the same frequency must be distant enough to avoid interference Transmission power must be controlled Migration of a mobile station from one cell to another is with continuance of communication
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