A Mental Disorder

0 A psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in

an individual.

0 It is thought to cause distress or disability that is not

expected as part of normal development or culture.

Psychiatric Disorders
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders Mental Disorders Due to Medical Condition Substance Related Disorders Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Factitious Disorders Dissociative Disorders Sexual Dysfunction Paraphilia and Gender Identity Disorders Eating Disorder Sleep Disorders Impulse Control Disorder Adjustment Disorders Personality Disorders

Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders

0 Symptoms: significant negative

changes in the way a person thinks and/or remembers.

0 Have either a medical or substance

related cause

Mental Disorders Due to a Medical Condition

0 Directly related to a medical condition 0 Symptoms like anxiety, depression,

etc. are the direct results of a medical conditon.

Substance Related Disorders

0 Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence

involve the ingestion of a substance (alcohol, drug, chemical) which alters either cognitions, emotions, or behavior.
Abuse use of the substance to the point that ot has a negative impact on the persons life.
Dependence what we typically think of as

addicted.

Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders

0 Major symptom: psychosis, or delusions

and hallucinations 0 Major disorders: schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

Schizophrenia schiz means splitting from reality; include hallucinations and delusions and disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate affect, and avolition.

Psychotic Disorders
0 Schizoaffective disorder combination of the

psychotic symptoms such as in Schezophrenia and the mood symptoms common in Major Depression and/or Bipolar Disorder. 0 Schizotypal - category used for individuals showing some of the traits associated with schizophrenia but without meeting cut-off criteria.

Mood Disorders
0 Primary symptom: disturbance in mood

0 Include Major Depression, Dysthymic

Disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Cyclothymia

Major Depression (also known as depression

or clinical depression) - involving unusually intense and sustained sadness, melancholia or despair Dysthymia lesser, but more persistent form of depression

Mood Disorders
Bipolar Disorder (previously known as

Manic-Depression) - involves abnormally high or pressure mood states, known as mania or hypomania, alternating with normal or depressed mood. Cyclothymia a lesser form of Bipolar Disorder

Anxiety Disorders
0 Primary feature: Abnormal or inappropriate

anxiety 0 Include:

Specific phobias

Social phobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder

Anxiety Disorders
0 Panic Disorder characterized by a series of panic

attacks, inappropriate intense feeling of fear or discomfort 0 Agoraphobia fear of the marketplace 0 Specific or Simple Phobia and Social Phobia intense fear and often an avoidance of a specific situation, person, place, or thing 0 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions 0 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs only after a person is exposed to a traumatic event where their life or someones life is threatened. 0 General Anxiety Disorder diagnosed when a person has extreme anxiety in nearly every part of their life.

Stomatoform Disorders
0 Stomatization Disorder generalized or vague

symptoms such as stomach aches, sexual pain, gastrointestinal problems and neurological symptoms which have no found medical cause 0 Pain Disorder - significant pain over an extended period of time without medical support. 0 Hypochondriasis disorder characterized by significant and persistent fear that one has a serious or life-threatening illness despite medical reassurance that is not true

Factitious Disorder
0 Characterized by the intentionally

produced or feigned symptoms in order to assume the sick role. 0 These people will often ingest medication and/or toxins to produce symptoms. 0 There is often a great secondary gain being supported, taken care of, given special rights.

Dissociative Disorders
0 Main symptoms: disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. 0 Major diagnoses: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Depersonalization Disorder, and Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia characterized by memory gaps

related to traumatic or stressful events which are too extreme to be accounted for by normal forgetting Dissociative Fugue an illness within an individual, after an extremely traumatic event, abruptly moves to a new location and assumes a new identity.

Dissociative Disorders
Depersonalization Disorder occurring after

an extreme stressor; includes feelings of unreality, that your body does not belong to you, or that you are constantly in a dreamlike state. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) - most widely known as Multiple Personality Disorder or (MPD); presence of two or more distinct personalities within an individual.

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Identity Disorders

0 Related to sexuality, either in functioning

(Sexual Dysfunctions), distressing and often irresistible sexual urges (Paraphilias), and gender confusion or identity (General Identity Disorder)

Sexual Dysfunctions
0 Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder deficiency or

absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity 0 Sexual Aversion Disorder persistent or recurring aversion to or avoidance of sexual activity 0 Sexual Arousal and Male Erectile Disorder inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity adequate lubrication (in women) or erection (in men) in response to sexual excitement 0 Orgasmic Disorder delay or absence of orgasm following normal excitement and sexual activity 0 Premature Ejaculation ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it

Paraphilias
0 Exhibitionism intense urge to expose oneself to an unsuspecting 0 0 0 0 0

stranger Voyeurism intense urge to watch an unsuspecting person in various states of undress or sexual activity Fetishism intense sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving an inanimate object Pedophilia sexually arousing fantasies, urges and behavior involving a prepubescent child Sexual Masochism intense sexual fantasies, urges and behavior involving the act of being beaten, humiliated, and/or bound Sexual Sadism intense sexual fantasies, urges and behavior involving the infliction of pain and/or humiliation on another person

Gender Identity Disorder

0 Characterized by a strong and persistent

identification with the opposite sex and the belief that one is actually the opposite sex due to an extreme discomfort in ones present sexual identity

Eating Disorders
0 Characterized by disturbances in eating behavior

0 Two types: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Anorexia characterized by failure to maintain body

weight of at least 85% of what is expected, fear of losing control over your weight or of becoming fat Bulimia key characteristics include bingeing (intake of large quantities of food) and purging (elimination of the food through artificial means such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, periods of fasting, or excessive exercise)

Sleep Disorders
0 Involve abnormalities in sleep in one of two

categories dysomnias and parasomnias

Dysomnias related to the amount, quality and/or timing of sleep

Insomnia inability or reduced ability to sleep

Hypersomnia excessive sleepiness and

prolonged sleep without physical justification Narcolepsy irresistible attacks of sleep

Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias sleep disturbances related to

behavioral or physiological events related to sleep Nightmare disorder occurrence of extremely frightening dreams which result in awakening and resulting distress Sleep terror disorder similar to nightmare disorder but the fear is more intense and the person is often unresponsive during the episode Sleepwalking disorder walking or performing tasks during sleep without recollection once awakened

Impulse Control Disorders

0 Include the failure or extreme difficulty in controlling

impulses despite the negative consequences

Intermittent Explosive Disorder failure to resist

aggressive impulses resulting in serious assaults or destruction of property Kleptomania stealing objects which are not needed Pyromania fire starting for pleasure or relief of tension Pathological Gambling maladaptive gambling behavior Trichotillomania pulling out of ones own hair

Adjustment Disorders
0 Consists of an inappropriate or inadequate

adjustment to a life stressor.

0 Include depressive symptoms, anxiety

symptoms, and/or conduct or behavioral symptoms

Personality Disorders
0 Characterized by an enduring pattern of

thinking, feeling, and behaving which is significantly different from the persons culture and results in negative consequences

Types of Personality Disorders

0 Paranoid includes a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness 0 Schizoid pattern of detachment from social norms and a 0 0 0 0 0 0

restriction of emotions Schizotypal pattern of discomfort in close relationships and eccentric thoughts and behavior Antisocial pattern of disregard for the rights of others and the failure to feel empathy Borderline pattern of instability in personal relationships Histrionic pattern of excessive emotional behavior and attention seeking Narcissistic pattern of grandiosity, exaggerated self-worth and need for admiration Avoidant pattern of feelings of social inadequacies, low selfesteem, and hypersensitivity to criticism Obsessive-Compulsive pattern of obsessive cleanliness, perfection, and control

Factors Affecting Mental Health

0 Self-esteem

0 Feeling Loved
0 Confidence 0 Family Break-up or Loss 0 Difficult Behavior 0 Physical ill Health

0 Abuse

Frustration And Conflict

0 A frustration occurs when a goal

achievement is blocked; a conflict is created when incompatible response tendencies are aroused. When a conflict comes from competing habits under one and the same drive, it is called habit conflict or habit competition. When it stems from competing motivation it is called motivational conflict.

Causes of Frustration
0 Frustration and conflict are related because

each can be the consequences of the other. When an individual is exposed to a frustrating situation, he develops the concept of general adaptation syndrome, which refers to the physiological process that enables an individual to adapt to stressful situation. He assumes that the body reacts to stress in three successive stages: alarm reaction, the stage of resistance and finally, stage of exhaustion.

Sources of Frustration
0 There are several obstacles to goal

achievement, ranging from simple physical ones to complex personal inadequacies. Sources of frustration can come from:
The physical environment
The social environment The organism itself

Types of Conflicts:
0 Conflicting attraction or approach-approach 0 Attraction repulsion or approach-avoidance

0 Conflicting avoidance or avoidance-avoidance

0 Multiple conflicts

Treatment of Medical Disorders

0 Psychotherapy

0 Psychoanalysis
0 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 0 Psychodynamic psychotherapy 0 Existential psychotherapy 0 Brief Therapy 0 Transpersonal Psychology 0 Systemic Therapy

Psychotherapy
An intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a client in problems of living. Aims to increase the individuals sense of well-being and reduce their subjective sense of discomfort. Forms of psychotherapy: Spoken conversion- most used written word artwork drama narrative story music Counseling - treatment of everyday problems; sometimes used interchangeably with psychotherapy.

Psychoanalysis
Study of human psychological functioning and behavior which is developed by Austrian Physician Sigmund Freud and his followers. 3 applications: 1. A method of investigation of the mind 2. A systematized set of theories about human behavior 3. A method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness. Freudian psychoanalysis - the analytical patient verbalizes thoughts from which the analyst formulates the unconscious conflicts of the patient, and interprets them for the patient to crate insight for resolution of the problems.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Aims to influence dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure. Treatment of clinical and non-clinical problems, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse disorders, and psychotic disorders.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Reveals the unconscious content of a clients psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension. Similar to psychoanalysis but it tends to be more brief and less intensive than psychoanalysis Relies on the interpersonal relationship between client and therapist more than other forms of depth psychology and also more eclectic than others.

Existential Psychotherapy
Partly based on the existential belief that human beings are alone in the world. Aloneness = meaningless - overcome by creating own values and meanings Psychotherapist helps patient to discover why he is overburdened by the anxieties of aloneness and meaninglessness, manage anxieties, emerge as a free and sound being.

Brief therapy
An umbrella term for a variety of approaches to psychotherapy. Emphasize: 1. Focus on a specific problem 2. Direct intervention. 3. Precise observation, utilization of natural resources, and temporary suspension of disbelief to consider new perspective and multiple viewpoints. Often highly strategic, exploratory, and solution-based rather than problem-oriented. Do not adhere to one correct approach, rather accept that there are many paths, any of which may or may not in combination that turn out to be ultimately beneficial

Transpersonal Psychology
Studies the transpersonal, selftranscendent or spiritual aspects of the human experience. Study of humanitys highest potential, and with the recognition, understanding, and realization of unitive, spiritual, and transcendent states of consciousness.

Systemic therapy
Seeks to address people not on individual level, as had been the focus of the earlier forms of therapy, but as people in relationship, dealing with the interactions of groups and their interactional patterns and dynamics.

Thank You!
Group 10 of 1A PH
Mea Tumambing Arielle Uy Hilary Ventura Shekaniah Yauder Quennie Zerrudo Luchie Zuniga