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C.Suchetha
Advantages of PV cells
Direct conversion of solar radiation to electricity Reliable, Maintenance Free Quite, compatible Durable
Disadvantages of PV cells
Low conversion efficiency High fabrication cost Continues supply is not possible
Present System
An MPPT control system has been developed ,consisting a Buck converter which is controlled by a microcontroller based unit The main difference between this and existing methods is that the power output from the panel is directly used to control the converter output.
MPPT is more effective under these conditions Winter or cloudy days Cold weather Low battery charge
Block diagram
The PV array specification used in this project is as follows Maximum voltage: 35 volts Open circuit voltage: 44 volts Maximum current: 15 amps
A sealed lead acid battery is used in this project. The specification are Battery voltage : 24 volts Battery capacity : 150 Ah
Buck converter
ATMELs ATmega 128L low-power consumption, CMOS microcontroller with built in EEPROM, FLASH memory, ADC, PWM generator is used. Advanced RISC Architecture 128K Bytes of In-System reprogrammable Flash In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
Schematic Diagram
Main Program
The testing was done for three different conditions 1. Connection of the panel directly to the battery. 2. Connection of the panel to the battery through an ordinary charger. 3. Connection of the panel to the battery with MPPT.
Results
From the results obtained the percentage of the power wasted the three different conditions is 23.8% when directly connected. 18.63% when connected through a ordinary charger. 11.38% when connected to a MPPT charger.
Conclusion
The MPPT technique assures maximization of energy transfer to the battery bank. The battery lifetime is increased because the battery is operating at higher state of charge.
Future Extensions
This design can be further be worked upon to include GSM for remote controlling of the load. This control system can be used for a grid connected system also.