ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Process and Contemporary theory of Work Motivation

PRESENTED BY SONU KUMAR

SOURAV KUMAR

Work Motivation Theory

Process theories of motivation

- Vrooms expectancy theory - The Porter- Lawler model

Contemporary theories of motivation

Process theories

Expectancy theory
Motivation is result of rational calculation argues that motivation is determined by individual beliefs regarding efforts/performance relationship and work motivation

Terms used
Expectancy

it is the probability that work effort will be followed by performance accomplishment Instrumentality : it is the probability that performance will lead to various work outcomes
Valence

: it is the value to the individual of various work outcomes

Flow chart
Expectancy Instrumentality Outcome 1a Outcome 1b Outcome 2a

Outcome 1 Motivation force= VE Outcome 2

Outcome 2b

Porter lawlwer theory

Porter

and lawler point out that effort (force and motivation) does not lead directly to performance It is moderated by moderated by abilities and traits by role perception
More

important here is that what happens after the performance In other words- The rewards that follow and how these are perceived will determine satisfication Porter and lawler find out that more variables and cognitive process plays central role

Flow chart
Value of reward Abilities and reward Intrinsic award Performance accomplishment perceived equitable rewards

Effort

satisfaction extrinsic award

perceived effort(reward probability)

Role perception

Contemporary Theories

Equity Theory

(Adams,

1963; Landy, 1989; Beehr, 1996)

Equity

Theory

A version of discrepancy theory of job satisfaction focusing on the discrepancies between what one has on the job and what one thinks is fair - what one should have

Equity Theory
Social

comparison takes place Perceived discrepancies between ratios may produce tension or dissonance Amount of discrepancy corresponds to the amount of tension the individual experiences Amount of tension corresponds to the amount of energy an individual expends to alleviate the discrepancy

Equity Theory
Inputs

factors considered by the individual that contribute to their work knowledge, skills and abilities Outcomes factors considered by the individual to have personal value - money, promotion, praise

REINFORCEMENT THEORY
This

theory can be traced to the work of the pioneering behaviorist B.F. Skinner. It is considered a motivation theory as well as a learning theory. Reinforcement theory posits that motivated behavior occurs as a result of reinforces, which are outcomes resulting from the behavior that makes it more likely the behavior will occur again. Behavior that is reinforced is likely to continue, but behavior that is not rewarded or behavior that is punished is not likely to be repeated.

 Reinforcement

theory is a behaviorist application based on the idea that people are not driven by motivation , but by their envirnoment The reinforces or positive consequences are what make a behavior more likely to be habit than exception

Thank You