MARITIME LOGISTICS

- Ankita Bedi (17)

- Vibhuti Khatri (43)

DEFINITION
Maritime Logistics is that part of supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements through maritime modes.

EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION
Used by the Egyptians in 3200 B.C.

European colonial powers were the 1st to establish a true maritime trade network.
Mechanized ships started in mid-19th Century. Diesel engine was introduced in the 20th Century. Today, 90-95% of international trade is carried on through ships.

INTRODUCTION
Maritime logistics is one of the most globalized industries. Maritime trade accounted for 89.6% of global trade in terms of volume and 70.1% in terms of value(2006).
It rests on the existence of maritime routes.

FEATURES
Advantages
High Carrying Capacity
Long Distance Suitability Low Variable Cost Environmental Routing

Disadvantages
Longer transportation time Affected by Weather Factors

High Operating Costs get divided over large volumes

Extensive Customs and Dock Operations

PRESENT APPLICATION
Bulk Shipping - Liquid Bulk (crude oil) - Dry Bulk (iron ore, coal, grains) Liner Shipping (computers) Specialised Shipping (cars, forest product, refrigerated cargo, chemicals, liquefied gas)

MAIN MARKETS
Bulk Cargo
Unpacked (Needs specialised ship, transhipment, storage) Single origin, destination and client. Prone to operations achieving economies of scale.

Break-Bulk Cargo
General Cargo packed in boxes, drums, mainly containers. Numerous origins, destinations and clients. Before containerisation, economies of scale were difficult to achieve.

PROCESS OF MARITIME EXPORT

Registration Reservation of shipping space Processing of Shipping Bill Customs clearance Arrival of Goods at Docks System Appraisal of Shipping Bills Customs Examination of Export Cargo Stuffing / Loading of Goods in Containers Drawal of Samples Amendments Export of Goods under Claim for Drawback Generation of Shipping Bills

MARITIME ECONOMICS
Container ship represents an initial capital outlays of $75 million Severe constraint on the entry of new players Main advantage: Economies of Scale Highest entry costs of the transport sector Maritime transport system requires financing that can come from two sources: Public Private

Major Technical Innovations Size

Specialization of ships

Ship Design

Speed

Automation

GENERAL CARGO VESSEL

CONTAINER SHIPS

DRY BULK CARGO

LIQUID BULK CARRIERS

GAS TANKERS

LINERS

TRAMPS

CRUISING SHIPS

THANK YOU