10 GbE fiber

Why it is different

Agenda
What is the difference for LOMM fiber Understanding what happens in the fiber

Design and Specification for 10GbE fiber

Plug-n-Play Topologies Installation

Testing
Future

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Leviton 10GbE the Fiber Future

What is the difference for LOMM fiber

The transmitter VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser). A VCSEL laser light source emits at the 850 nm wavelength and it is capable of a high data rate. An LED and VCSEL emit light differently. In technical terms, the launch conditions between these two light sources are different. The LED emits light relatively uniformly over the entire face of the multimode fiber core. A VCSEL source emits light in a narrow beam, which shines bright in the center of the fiber core and quickly dims as it moves away from the center; it does not illuminate the core near the cladding interface. This difference in launch conditions results in different loss measurements. The loss measured with a LED is typically greater than the loss measured with a VCSEL.

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Understanding what happens in the fiber

10-Gigabit Ethernet (10-GbE) - A version of Ethernet with a nominal data rate of 10 Gbit/s, a gigabit per second (Gbit/s or Gbps) = 1,000,000,000 (10^9) bits per second, 10GbE over fiber is specified by IEEE 802.3. Gigabit Ethernet uses digital signaling. The fiber optic version of this is 1000BASE-SX. Laser-optimized 50/125 m multimode fiber Multimode fiber cable that is specifically designed for 850 nm operation at 1 Gb/s and higher. TIA/EIA-492-AAAC specifies mechanical, geometric and optical characteristics for laser-optimized 50/125 m multimode fiber. This fiber has been fully adopted into TIA/EIA-568-B.3 and IEC-11801 Differential Mode Delay (DMD) A light pulse launched from a VCSEL will have different mode groups and will, in general, have different propagation times. This results in bandwidth reduction and limiting of the distance for 10-GbE transmission. However as you can see from the following figures, the effect is minimized by use of laser optimized 50 m multimode fiber.

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Understanding what happens in the fiber

The methodology of measuring DMD uses a single-mode pulse ( 5 m spot size) which is scanned across the 50/125 m laser-optimized multimode fiber core in at most 2 m increments. Figure X is an illustration of this methodology.

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Understanding what happens in the fiber

Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) The Fiber bandwidth measurement technique to ensure 50/125-m laser-optimized multimode fiber will reliably support 10-GbE transmission. Calculated Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMBc) The main purpose of the EMBc calculation is to ensure that a fibers effective modal bandwidth will meet the10-Gbits/sec requirement of 2000 MHzkm with any conforming laser. Minimum Calculated Effective Modal Bandwidth (minEMBc) The second method of predicting EMB from DMD. DMD Mask Is the translating of DMD data into an EMB prediction. Return loss Is the power of the optical signal that returns towards the optical source against the direction of signal propagation. Contributors to return loss are Fresnel reflections (back reflected light due to interfaces at mated connectors and mechanical splices) and Rayleigh back scattering (scattered light due to intrinsic fiber properties). Bit Error Rate (BER) Is the number of bit errors per unit time compared to the total number of bits transmitted per unit time. Error free propagation of bits of data through the fiber link is the ultimate design goal of the MMF and connectors in a 10-GbE optical link.

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Design and Specification for 10GbE fiber

Design of a 10-GbE fiber solution should start with the fiber. The selection of the optical properties of fiber should also be carried over to the fiber patch cords and also to the connector if you will be using a pre-polished connector or manufactured terminated cabling. 50/125 m laser optimized fiber for building backbone, campus backbone, horizontal cabling, centralized cabling and data centers is recommended, so long as it does not exceed the operating range of 300m (OM3) or 550m (OM4). This provides the user with the ability to operate at slower data-rate speeds initially, while additionally offering the ability to migrate to higher data-rate laser-based systems as demands for bandwidth increase.

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Plug-n-Play (PNP) Topologies

What are they? Most common assumptions Factory terminated modules through the use of a multifiber connector with breakout kit to individual fiber connectors for discreet interconnect
jumper cassette trunk cable cassette jumper cassette trunk cable cassette jumper

Standard PNP issues Cassette system component loss @ 1.2dB Total path loss = 4.8dB

Amount of discreet connections

Future migration requires replacement of cassette or hybrid jumper Leviton PNP MTP Bracket solution Reduces component loss to 0.5dB per connection Reduces number of links hops Results in total path loss of 2.0dB Reduces the number of discreet connections (harness vs jumper) Future migration via use of harness replacement

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Standard PNP Topology

Total Loss = 4.8dB

2.2dB Over Budget

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Leviton PNP Bracket Topology

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Installation
Follow the industry standards for the passive components, TIA/EIA-568-C, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard, TIA/EIA 569-A, Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces, and TIA-942, Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers, These standards offer guidance, recommendations and a template for a successful solution. A final note on the installation of a 10-GbE fiber solution. Fiber connector and coupler adapter cleanliness and fiber connector end face polish are the most often over looked cause of system failure to support a 10-Gbe solution. Make sure to thoroughly clean and visually inspect all connectors, couplers and patch cords. Additionally bend radius and tension placed on the fiber cable will have a significant impact on the capacity of a fiber network to support a 10-GbE solution. Careful attention to installation methodology and support hardware is a must.
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Testing
Deployment of high data-rate 10-GbE systems requires attention to detail as cabling length and attenuation requirements are more stringent. TIA TR-42.8 outlines in TSB-140 outlines the field testing of optical fiber cabling. This document describes field-testing of length, optical loss and polarity in optical fiber cabling using an optical loss test set (OLTS), optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) and a visual fault locator (VFL).

The purpose of this TSB is to clarify, not replace ANSI/TIA/EIA526-7 and ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14-A.
Standards, such as the IEEE802.3ae, typically specify the maximum channel link loss as a primary link parameter. Although measured installed link loss is an important parameter, the link loss is not a true indicator of whether or not a fiber is capable of supporting 10Gb/s error free transmission. The most precise measure of channel performance is bit error rate (BER) testing. At this time an economical field BER testing device is not available, so you must rely on conventional link loss testing.
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Future Look
At the time of this paper, the TIA/EIA-492AAAC (850-nm laseroptimized, 50 m MMF) specification is being asked to review a new draft specification 492AAAD from the work on the TSB172 Committee: TIA FO-4.2 _ TIA TR42.12. This review is scheduled for 02/08. This new fiber commonly know as OM4 is being considered to handle up to 1000-GbE via 850-nm laser-optimized, 50 m multi-mode fiber. The IEEE Higher Speed Study Group (HSSG) has voted to approve the next standard speed for Ethernet to be 100 Gbit/s. HSSG is currently working on developing the next generations of Ethernet. It is obvious that optical fiber will be a significant portion of that future.

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