The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem Scribd

Seminar Selected Topics in Communications Engineering May 21, 2013
Outline
Introduction
IMS Services
Architecture of IMS Protocols used in IMS Quality of service as key differentiator of IMS Interworking example: Voice Call Continuity
Service example: Conferencing

Summary
The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem 1
Introduction to IMS
The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem
Review of current mobile technologies

2G : GSM/EDGE Engineered with transport of voice in mind Data rates in the kbps range 3G : CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, WCDMA (UMTS) Split architecture for voice and data Data rates in the Mbps range 4G : HSPA+, LTE (LTE-Advanced), Mobile WiMAX Designed for IP transport Data rates in the Mbps and Gbps range
Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem 3
Review of current mobile technologies
Source: Ericsson Mobility Report (2012)
3G coverage is growing and expected to reach that of 2G

Voice traffic is steady, whereas data traffic increases
exponentially!
The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem 4
Traffic and user behavior
Smartphone traffic
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (March 2013)
Tablet traffic
Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem
Communications over packet networks

Main concerns Quality of Service (QoS) Availability Accounting
Can we offer some degree of quality over the Internet?
IMS enables a better identification of types of traffic.

Operators can adjust quality and tariffs accordingly.
The need for IMS

User benefits More alternatives of communication Quality as required per services More flexibility (access-independent)
Operator benefits Reduced CAPEX and OPEX
Increased revenue
Quick development of new services More customer loyalty, less churn

IMS Requirements
IP Multimedia Sessions
Quality of Service (QoS) Interworking with the PSTN (Gateway) Roaming Service control
Rapid service creation

Multiple access
Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]
IMS Services
What is possible with IMS?
Source: AT&T Developer Program
10
Traditional services over IMS

Voice Calls Same look and feel for the user. Totally different interworking underneath. Enhanced user experience
HD Codecs
Voice Mail Unified messaging Text-to-speech Short messages/Multimedia messages

Novel services of IMS

Presence
Instant messaging Push-to-talk Video/picture/file sharing Multimedia conferencing
Architecture of IMS
13
Review of the GSM/UMTS architecture 3GPP

Release 99
Source: Smith, Collins [2004]
14

Release 4
15

Release 5
16
Towards IMS: The mobile softswitch architecture
Source: Ericsson
Layered architecture Applies to voice and signaling

Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture
HSS and SLF CSCF (P,S,I) Application Servers (AS) BGCF SGW and MGW
HSS=Home Subscriber Server SGW/MGW=Signaling/Media Gateway S-CSCF=Serving I-CSCF=Interrogating BGCF=Breakout AS=Application Call/Session Gateway Call/Session Servers Control Control Ctlr. Function Function Func. P-CSCF=Proxy Call/Session Control Function SLF=Subscriber Location Function
18
PCEF=Policy and PCRF=Policy and Charging Enforcement Functions and interfaces of the Charging Rules Function Function
IMS architecture
PCRF and PCEF Application Function

P-CSCF Application Server
19
Interworking between networks with different address
Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture type.
20
Interface to the PSTN and legacy mobile operators
Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture
21
User identification in IMS

Public user identities Most typical (E-Mail-like) sip:firstname.lastname@operator.com
With telephone number
sip:+49-241-555-5555@operator.com;user=phone
Telephone URIs
URI}tel:+1-212-555-0293
Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem Private user identity 22
User identification in IMS
3GPP Release 5
3GPP Release 6
23
Protocols used in IMS
24
Signaling protocol in IMS
Defines methods and responses
A glimpse on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
25
SIP Responses
Examples:
100 Trying 180 Ringing 183 Session in Progress 200 OK 302 Moved Temporarily 407 Proxy Authentication Required 503 Service Unavailable 603 Decline
26
IMS Services using SIP: Example of registration
27
IMS Services using SIP: Session establishment (1/3)
28
29
30
Description of sessions with SDP

Appended to SIP messages (depends on method)
Contains information of the media to be exchanged
31
RTP/RTCP
Other Uses UDPprotocols as transport protocolin IMS

RTP includes sequence numbers, timestamps. RTP uses even port numbers. RTCP provides feedback about the quality of the session (packet
loss, delay, jitter). RTCP uses the next port number to that of RTP (odd). SRTP if encryption is required
H.248/Megaco
Used by controllers to control MGWs. Defines terminations and contexts. Physical terminations for ports, ephemeral terminations for RTP
streams.
Quality of Service for IMS
33
Review of QoS methods

QoS in the Internet RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol)
Resources are reserved per session Offers two types of QoS: guaranteed and controlled load Requires the data to travel along the path over which the
reservation was made. Increased load for the routers
DiffServ (Differentiated services)

Treatment given to packets according to DSCP field Provides either expedite forwarding (top priority) or assured
Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem forwarding (several drop priorities) 34
Review of QoS methods

QoS in mobile networks
Different traffic classes per PDP context
Source: Holma, Toskala [2007]
35
Why do we need Admission Control? Complementary to quality of service Avoids oversubscription of links (preventive) When links are tightly loaded, just one more session will degrade all the others.
Admission control
36
Policy control for QoS in IMS

Decisions made by the PCRF according to information
from Application Function and Subscriber Profile Repository Policies enforced by the PCEF (i.e. GGSN)
37
Interworking example: Voice Call Continuity (VCC)
38
Smooth transitions of voice calls between IMS and regular
Voice Call calls Continuity (VCC) Circuit Switched

network
IMS calls can be "transferred" to or from a GSM/UMTS
39
Interworking with GSM Intelligent Network
Architecture for VCC CAMEL protocol used towards gsmSCF
40
VCC Example call scenario
41
Service example: Conferencing
42
Working groups: SIPPING, XCON
Standardization of conferencing IMS is based on the SIPPING framework. Uses BFCP from XCON.
conferencing:
Makes use of the tightly-coupled model for
43
Architecture and control

SIPPING architecture for signaling (see left figure)
BFCP from XCON used for floor control (see right
figure)
44
Special URI for conference creation: factory URI
Conferencing sample call flows
45
Conferencing sample call flows
46
IMS is an architectural framework which enables
Summary providing multimedia services over IP networks.

increasing profitability by enabling more effective charging. IMS can be integrated to current UMTS and LTE networks. Actually, IMS is independent of the access method. The key differentiator compared to current Internet services is the enhanced quality of service. IMS creates another layer of abstraction with respect to user mobility. The protocolsIrving SIP and SDP are fundamental for the 47 Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMS helps operators to reduce expenditures, while
References
The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS, Merging the

Internet and the Cellular Worlds, Gonzalo Camarillo and Miguel A. Garca-Martn, 3rd Ed, 2008 The IMS: IP Multimedia Concepts and Services, Miikka Poikselk and Georg Mayer, 3rd Ed, 2009 3G Wireless Networks, Clint Smith and Daniel Collins, 2004 Carrier Grade Voice Over IP, Daniel Collins, 2nd Ed, 2004 WCDMA for UMTS, Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, 4th ed, 2007 Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem 48

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Seminar Selected Topics in Communications Engineering May 21, 2013

Service example: Conferencing

The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Review of current mobile technologies

Review of current mobile technologies

Source: Ericsson Mobility Report (2012)

3G coverage is growing and expected to reach that of 2G

Traffic and user behavior

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Communications over packet networks

IMS enables a better identification of types of traffic.

The need for IMS

Quick development of new services More customer loyalty, less churn

Rapid service creation

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

What is possible with IMS?

Source: AT&T Developer Program

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Traditional services over IMS

Voice Mail Unified messaging Text-to-speech Short messages/Multimedia messages

Novel services of IMS

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Review of the GSM/UMTS architecture 3GPP

Source: Smith, Collins [2004]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Review of the GSM/UMTS architecture 3GPP

Source: Smith, Collins [2004]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Review of the GSM/UMTS architecture 3GPP

Source: Smith, Collins [2004]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Towards IMS: The mobile softswitch architecture

Layered architecture Applies to voice and signaling

Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

PCRF and PCEF Application Function

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Interworking between networks with different address

Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture type.

Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Interface to the PSTN and legacy mobile operators

Functions and interfaces of the IMS architecture

Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

User identification in IMS

User identification in IMS

Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Protocols used in IMS

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Signaling protocol in IMS

Defines methods and responses

A glimpse on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

A glimpse on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

IMS Services using SIP: Example of registration

A glimpse on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Irving Barra - The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem

Source: Camarillo, Garca-Martn [2008]

IMS Services using SIP: Session establishment (1/3)