M.

Tech (Thermal Engineering) III Sem Regular

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VENTURI FLOWS FOR DETERMINING OF AIR INJECTION RATE

Name of the Guide :B.Balunaik

Name of the Student :D.V.Sasidhar Roll Number:11011D2124

Introduction to the topic

The ecological quality of water depends largely on the amount of oxygen that water holds. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure of the amount of oxygen freely available in the water. The concentration of dissolved oxygen is an important indicator of water quality because aquatic life lives on the dissolved oxygen in the water. The dissolved oxygen level can be an indication of how polluted the water is and how well the water can support aquatic plant and animal life.

 The higher the level of dissolved oxygen the better the quality of water system. By measuring dissolved oxygen, scientists determine the quality of water and healthiness of an ecosystem. Many naturally occurring biological and chemical processes use oxygen, thereby diminishing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. The physical process of oxygen transfer from the atmosphere acts to replenish the used oxygen. This process has been termed aeration.

AERATION Water aerated naturally by flowing over sandy or pebbly beds or rocky falls has been acclaimed by writers of all ages and countries. Only a few of these enthusiasts realized that the waters they so highly praised were clear, bright, sparkling, tasteless and odorless when they reached the streams.

 Aeration is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance. In its broadest sense, aeration is the process by which the area of Contact between water and air is increased, either by natural methods or by mechanical devices. Ordinary usage in water works practice has however, been given the term in the more limited sense referring specifically to use of mechanical devices or procedures. In this limited sense aeration clearly defines itself as a method of treatment rather than merely a modification of natural conditions at the source of supply. The terms natural aeration or reaeration are used to represent non-mechanical procedures or slower aeration of large bodies of water under natural conditions. In the progress of water from

Parts of Braking System

Brake Pedalforce input to system from driver
Design gives a Mechanical Advantage

Master Cylinderconverts force to pressure

Pressure is used to move brake pads into place

Brake Padsprovide friction force when in contact with rotor

Works to slow or stop vehicle

Caliperholds pads and squeezes them against rotor Rotorspins with wheel
When used in conjunction with brake pads, slows vehicle

Ventshelp provide cooling to brake

Uses of Disc Brakes

Disc brakes are often on the front (and sometimes on the rear) wheels of cars Front wheel of 2wheeler Used in trains Do the real work of braking Unlike drum brakes, do not self-energize

Literature Review Till Date

Disc-style brakes development and use began in England in the 1890s. The first caliper-type automobile disc brake was patented by Frederick William Lanchester using copper for disc The Crosley disc was a Goodyear development, a caliper type with ventilated rotor, originally designed for aircraft applications. Compared to drum brakes, disc brakes offer better stopping performance, because the disc is more readily cooled. The first motorcycles to use disc brakes were racing vehicles.

Methodology of Work
CAD modeling of Disc Brake by using CATIA Meshing of model by ANSYS Thermal analysis is carried out in ANSYS Structural Analysis by ANSYS Best combination of parameters of disc brake rotor like Flange width, wall thickness and material there by a best combination is suggested.

Proposed Timeline (Activity Vs Time Chart)

Description Dec-Jan Feb-Mar April-May June-July Aug - Sept Literature Review

Understanding of process and outcome parameters Mathematical modeling (if any) Fabrication of exp. Set up (if any) Analysis ----(any other)

Report Writing

References
Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Shigley http://www.howstuffworks.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_brake