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Megger - Substation overview

170 product groups, 2600 products

Megger Brand Names

MEGGER Insulation testers, fibre optic testing MULTI-AMP Circuit breaker test tests BIDDLE High voltage test sets AVO Multimeters,Training, software DUCTER Ohm meters FOSTER Oil test sets STATES Terminal blocks METROSONICS Critical systems monitoring PROGRAMMA Relay/ Circuit Breaker/ Battery Testing PAX DIAGNOSTIC Transformer, Insulation Products
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IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

Main purpose of the standard is to achieve interoperability among different devices from different vendors within the same substation.

IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

What is Substation Automation?

We need to know what we are talking about, in order to understand what needs to be standardized.

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THE POWER SUBSTATION

In a substation there are Primary Equipments:

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THE POWER SUBSTATION

The Primary equipments in the Substation need to be controlled.

The word CONTROL in a substation has nothing to do with Process Control, where the word CONTROL is usually associated to feedback systems:

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THE POWER SUBSTATION

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Load is on Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Connecting Busbar 1 to Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Connecting the Feeders to Busbar 1

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Disconnecting feeders from Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Disconecting Busbar 2 from the system

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THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Busbar 1 in service

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THE POWER SUBSTATION

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THE POWER SUBSTATION One very simple interlocking: Earthing Switch and Disconnector
I can OPEN / CLOSE the Disconnector ONLY if the Earthing Switch is OPEN. If the Earthing Switch is CLOSED I cannot operate the Disconnector.

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THE POWER SUBSTATION EARTHING SWITCH CLOSED

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THE POWER SUBSTATION EARTHING SWITCH OPEN

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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM A Local Action (open/close) may require:

Local information (from the same bay) Remote information (from different bays)

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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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THE IEC 61850 INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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CONTROL / INTERLOCKING in an IEC 61850 substation

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IEC 61850 Standard

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THE POWER SUBSTATION In a substation there are Primary Equipments..

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THE POWER SUBSTATION that must be protected.

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THE PROTECTION RELAYS

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THE PROTECTION RELAYS

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THE PROTECTION RELAYS

The circuit breaker opens and interrupts the fault current. The relay sees no fault conditions anymore and it resets. Circuit breaker remains open, the fault has been cleared.
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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: PROTECTION

PROTECTION signals (Trip, Block, Acceleration..) are sent through the station bus. Horizontal communication
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GOOSE communication for PROTECTION and CONTROL

GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented System Event. Is an unacknowledged multicast message that is repeated with a certain strategy allowing the supervision of the Horizontal Communication.

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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

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IEC 61850 Standard

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BEFORE standardisation: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

Proprietary communication protocols were / are still available. Handling correctly all protocols was and is still a challenge

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BEFORE: PROTOCOL CONVERTERS / IMPLEMENTATIONS

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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a common communications media. No need to have protocol converters. Reporting: Vertical Communication.
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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: SCADA/RTU COMMUNICATION

The communication between SCADA / RTU and the IEDs is defined in the IEC 61850 standard (MMS / FTP).
Data exchanged can be:
Control (operating primary objects) Log Reporting of events Disturbance Files Upload

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The data traffic runs on Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s.

This means that in the IEC 61850 substation there are Ethernet switches.

Protection and Control signals are dependent on the correct functionality of the communication system, which has in the Ethernet switches one of its most important factors.

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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY Star

Ring

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: The SCL language

IEDs and Substations are described through XML files. The IEC 61850 language used in the XML files is called SCL language. SCL: Substation Configuration Language.

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED Modelling)

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

Bay A Bay Unit (IED)
PTRC (Trip, Operate)

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

Bay A Bay Unit (IED)
PTRC (Trip, Operate)

SCL

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

Bay A

Bay Unit (IED)

PTRC (Trip, Operate)

SCL

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

Bay A
Bay Unit (IED)
PTRC (Trip, Operate)

SCL

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

It is possible to structure the Logical Nodes, and group them under different Logical Devices. The rules of this structure are described in the XML file.

SCL

SCL

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IEC 61850: Services (IED modelling)

The SCL file also describes what the IED can do (services). In this case it seems that the IED cannot offer upload of disturbance recorder file, as the FileHandling Service is not listed:

While this IED allows to upload the disturbance recorder files (FileHandling Service is listed):

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IEC 61850: Different SCL files

Depending on the information they carry, there are different types of SCL files: ICD (IED Capability Description) CID (Configured IED Description) SCD (Substation Configuration Description)

SSD (System Specification Description)

IID (Instantiated IED Description) SED (System Exchange Description)

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

An IEC 61850 substation is described by one special SCL file, called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description).

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

There are software tools that can extract engineering information from the SCD file and represent them in a comfortable way to the user:

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

REPORTING Vertical Communication
All the IEC 61850 devices (IEDs) describe themselves with help of the SCL language. SCL information from all IEDs are integrated into the IEC 61850 Engineering Tool.

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

SCADA / RTU Vertical Communication The SCADA system is also IEC 61850 compliant, and it can read the SCD files understanding how the substation looks like, which IEDs are present and which information they send to the SCADA system .

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

GOOSE Horizontal Communication In the SCL file there is written which IED talks to which IED. The standard messages among IEDs in the same substation are called GOOSE messages (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event). GOOSE messages can contain protection application information (TRIP, Block etc.).

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

The IEC 61850 Engineering Tool One IEC 61850 Engineering Tool is in principle a software that handles SCL files. The initial SCL files are provided by the IED vendor software tools, and they are called ICD files (IED Capability Description).

The ICD files are imported in the IEC 61850 Engineering TOOL and GOOSE Reporting information are added for each IED, creating the so called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description).
The SCD file is then exported from the Engineering Tool. IED vendor tools will import that file and will download in the IEDs the IEC 61850 information that are written in the SCD files.

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools

Documentation The SCD file describes the substation in IEC 61850 language (SCL). The IEC 61850 tool is able to elaborate such information and to show it in human readable format, like a PDF file.

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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools

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IEC 61850 Standard

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PROCESS BUS

Sampled Values PROCESS Merging IEC 61850-9-2 Units NCIT (SV) 9-2 (MU) BUS

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FULLY IEC 61850 SUBSTATION

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THE RELAY

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Replacement of BO cards

GOOSE OUT

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Replacement of BI cards

GOOSE OUT

GOOSE IN

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GOOSE OUT

GOOSE IN

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THE IEC 61850-8-1 IED

GOOSE IN

GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

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Replacement of analog cards + A/D conversion

SAMPLED VALUES (SV)

GOOSE IN

GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

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SAMPLED VALUES

GOOSE IN

GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

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THE FULLY IEC 61850 COMPLIANT IED

SAMPLED VALUES

IEC 61850-9-2 Process Bus

GOOSE IN

GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

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WHERE ARE THE SAMPLED VALUES COMING FROM?

SAMPLED VALUES

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Merging Units

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Merging Units

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: TESTING How do we test all of this?

How do we test the Network Topology (Switches)? How do we test the Vertical Communication to SCADA? (IEC 61850-8-1, MMS, Reporting)

How do we test Interlockings? (IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE)

How do we test Protection Schemes? (IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 SV)

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IEC 61850: TESTING

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Information about IEC 61850

KTH: Kungliga Tekniska Hgskolan
University courses on IEC 61850 for SA (Substation Automation)

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Information about IEC 61850

Tissues (Technical Issues) database www.tissues.iec61850.com
IEC 61850 standard is a dynamic standard!. You must follow it!

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Information about IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Blog www.blog.iec61850.com
Competent and fast up to date blog on IEC 61850

Information on new IEC 61850 documents Information on IEC 61850 events Information on new instruments and techniques on the IEC 61850

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Information om IEC 61850

Elforsk www.elforsk.se

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Information om IEC 61850

Megger http://www.megger.com
IEC 61850 test equipment, tools and litterature

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