EARTHING SYSTEM

A system of connections made between the metal in the electrical installation to the mass of the earth The basic reason - for the safety of consumers from dangerous electric shock when the leakage current to earth place. Grounding in general incorporate two parts: i. earthing System ii. earthing Equipment

1). EARTHING SYSTEM

Earthing system to be done for the following reasons:

Isolate the system when there is damage Limit the potential discrepancies between uninsulated conductor in an area. Limit the occurrence of excessive voltage (Over Voltage) in diverse conditions.

2). EARTHING EQUIPMENT:

Earthing equipment made for a specific reason, namely the protection of human beings. When the equipment is grounded, it provides a path of least resistance to ground. Electrical power will flow to the ground and the current does not flow into the body where contact with the equipment, because the body resistance is higher than the earth conductor resistance.

THE TYPES OF EARTHING SYSTEMS

TT TN-S TN-C TN-C-S IT

PURPOSE OF THE FIRST LETTER (SUPPLY AUTHORITY)

T One or more sources of supply in the ground. I No sources of supply in the ground users.

SECOND LETTER (INSTALLATION MANUAL)

T All exposed metal connected to the general mass of earth. N All exposed metal conductors connected to earth which is the source of supply kepengalir users.

THIRD & FOURTH LETTER (OF THE EARTH PEMGALIR SUPPLIES)

S C are

Separation of neutral and earth conductors. Neutral and earth conductors combined.

TN-C SYSTEM
Combined neutral and earth conductor in a conductor for the entire system.
L1 L2 L3 N

Installation Guide Cause of the earth Instrument

Sources of additional land

Exposed conductive part

Combined neutral and earth conductors in a cable at position two parts: i. parts suppliers ii. part of consumers Known as 'Earth System concentric' Where it can be used in exceptional circumstances. Example: Use TNC System Earthing Earthing the ship made in the sea where the ship fan, fan motor is Carban brush, slip ring.

SYSTEM TN-S
Separate neutral and protective conductor of the whole system.
L1 L2 L3 N
Protective Conductor Installation guide Cause of the earth Instrument

Exposed conductive part

In the overall use for the installation of underground cables. Suppliers will connect grounding conductor from Sub-station to the earth terminal and grounding the next user is through the metal frame of the protective conductor to the ground. In the event of damage. Bocur current will return via the earth conductor supplier to sub-station earth electrodes to form a complete circuit protection device will lead to work.

SYSTEM TN-C-S
Combined neutral and earth conductor in a conductor for part of the system.
L1 L2 L3 N
Cumulative Nuetral and PP Cause of the earth Installation guide Instrument

Exposed conductive part

It is a combination of system TN-C 'at the source of supply and system TN-S' at the user. At the source of supply neutral conductor and earth unite. At the user equipment grounding conductor and the neutral is connected.

SYSTEM TT
One or more sources of supply is connected earth. Exposed conductive parts connected to earth - users
L1 L2 L3

Cause of the earth

Installation guide Instrument

Exposed conductive part

It is a system that is practiced in our country, the phase and neutral conductors are taken from the supplier (TNB). Earthing system users made separately through the grounding conductor to the earth electrodes users. Planted into the ground. Since the resistance of the earth, the installation of sometimes high bocur circuit to ground (RCCB) shall be held in the assembly.

SYSTEM IT
Direct connection between the live parts and earth
L1 L2 L3 N
Impedance of the grounding Installation guide Instrument

Exposed conductive part

Have in common with the 'TT' that we use For a power supply connected to earth through a resistance of suppliers or isolated directly from the earth. Resistance is installed for the current menggelakan damaged in the system, because it is the high voltage system. Can not be installed for public use. It is only installed on high voltage transformer between Power station and substation main entrance.

SISTEM SISTEM PEMBUMIAN

TNB
SAVR (Sesalur Atas Voltan Rendah)

PMU TNC-S IT
Sub Station

MSB

Rintangan 415V

Underground Cable (XLPE-Armoured)

TT

11kV

SSB
TNS
PENGGUNA ELEKTROD PENGGUNA

HOW TO AVOID LEAKAGE CURRENTS

Fully insulated Double insulated Ground all exposed metal Separate the metal so as not to contact with current carrying parts

ITEMS TO BE GROUNDED

All structural metal in the wiring system is not brought current; All exposed metal structures of all the apparatus connected with electricity

EXEMPTION GROUNDING

Install metal cable clip Light metal cover Light metal chain hanger Antique lighting fixtures Small metal such as screws, plates, etc. name.

EARTHING TERMS

Earth conductor: Among sources of consumer earth electrode. Bonding conductor: the earth connection to the non-electrical equipment. Earth Resistance: The resistance of earth electrodes planted areas. Faulty circuit impedance to the ground: The total resistance encountered by earth leakage current from the supply source of life to the earth electrode.

PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR
1. 2.

Earth continuity conductor formerly (ECC); Size is determined based on the covers items. 54F and calculations (see example).
Cross sectional area of the phase conductor (S)
mm2 S 16 16 < S 35 S > 35

TABLE 54 F

Minimum cross sectional area of the circuit protective conductor (SP)

mm2 S 16 S/2

EARTH CONDUCTOR
1.

2.
3.

Grounding conductor must be kept to not break. Conductive copper aluminum or aluminum liner can not be used. Connection causes a warning tag attached. Covers items referring sizing. 54 A.

4.

TABLE 54 A
Linndungi from mechanical damage Not protected from mechanical damage

Protect from rust

Similar to the phase conductor

25 mm2 - copper 50 mm2 - steel

16 mm2 - copper 16 mm2-coated steel

25 mm2 - copper 50 mm2 - steel

Not protected from corrosion

PROTECTION METHODS LEAKAGE CURRENTS TO EARTH Fuse or Circuit Breaker On Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

USE @ FUSE CIRCUIT BREAKER

Comply with the following conditions for Z (broken earth loop impedance):

BS 3036 fuse fuse factor more than 1.5; 3 times the nominal current;

BS 88 fuse fuse factor of about 1.5; 2.4 times the nominal current;

Circuit Breaker BS 3871: 1.5 times the nominal current.

USE LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER TO THE GROUND ELCB RCCB RCD EFR + MCCB

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

IEE regulations I x Re 50V

Electricity Supply Regulations 1994 Regulation 36
(Protection against earth leakage current)

CONDITIONS OF USE ELCB CURRENT OPERATING

Operating current when multiplied by the earth loop impedance no more 50V Domestic installations maximum current is 300mA and the time of operation (operating time) of not more than 40 milli seconds (0.04 s) and 5 seconds fixture. This equipment must be operated before deciding circuit voltage on metal parts protected reach 50V.

In the general mass of earth electrical theory was used as the standard '0 'Volt each terminal that is connected properly to the earth will be 0 Volt (not have the capacity) ELCB (TT) IR 50 Volt Sensitivity - 10 mA, 30 mA, 100 mA, 300mA.

GAMBARAJAH SAMBUNGAN DAWAI BESI BERGALVANI DENGAN PAIP BUMI