First Aid in the Work Place

What to do in the FIRST 5 MINUTES

Roles and Responsibilities

Maintaining health and safety Professionalism Maintaining a caring attitude towards the patient, family members and bystanders Making the patients needs high priority Keeping skills up to date Maintaining your knowledge of local, state, and national issues affecting emergency First Aid

Medical and Ethical Issues

Good Samaritan Law Consent

Expressed Implied Children and Mentally incompetent adult consent

Confidentiality Refusal of Care

Medical and Ethical Issues Abandonment and Negligence

1 Duty to Act
You must have had a contractual or legal obligation to deliver care

2 Breach of Duty
You failed to act or act appropriately

3 It must be proven that injury or damages occurred 4 It must be proven that your actions, or lack of actions, directly caused the injury

Tips on Care for Children

Let parent calm patient
Bend down to childs level Be objective when talking to older children Never Lie

PART ONE
Chapter 1-12

CHAPTER ONE
Scene Safety

Bystanders

Hazards

CHAPTER TWO
Body Substance Isolation

Body Substance Isolation

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Dispose of all contaminated materials properly

Emergency Moves and Back Safety

Shirt drag

Blanket Drag

Shoulder drag

Recovery Position

CHAPTER THREE

Activation of the EMS System

What You Need to Relay

What is the EMERGENCY?
What is YOUR calling location?

Where is the PATIENT located?

Is the Patient breathing? What has been done for the patient?

CHAPTER FOUR
Initial Assessment

Initial Assessment
Is the scene safe?
Take BSI or PPE

Level of Responsiveness

A = Alert V = Verbal P = Painful U = Unresponsive

Initial Assessment
Activation of EMS Assess the ABC-H A = Airway B = Breathing C = Circulation H = Hemorrhage Pressure Points

Brachial and Femoral

CHAPTER FIVE
Ongoing Assessment

D.O.T.S.
D = Deformities O = Open Injuries T = Tenderness S = Swelling

S.A.M.P.L.E. History
S = Signs and Symptoms
A = Allergies

M = Medications
P = Pertinent History L = Last Oral Intake E = Events leading up to the illness or injury

Head to Toe Assessment

CHAPTER SIX and SEVEN

CPR and FBAO

CHAPTER EIGHT
Shock

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Restless
Cool, moist skin

Dizziness
Anxiety Confusion Weakness

Steps for Care

Scene safety BSI or PPE ABCH Call EMS Ongoing Assessment Elevate legs 12 inches if uninjured Cover with blankets or coats Do not give anything by mouth (vomit)

CHAPTER TEN
Soft Tissue and Bleeding

General Soft Tissue with External Bleeding

Direct Pressure (with finger tips for 10 min) Elevate extremity Pressure Points

Puncture Wounds
Direct pressure if possible
Stabilize object

unless it obstructs the airway

Slivers (remove)

Neck Wounds
Occlusive Dressing (airtight) Direct Pressure

(not too hard that you block the arteries)

Internal Bleeding
Treat for Shock

Nosebleeds
Lean Patient forward

prevents Pt from swallowing blood Pinch nostrils together Apply ice

IF nose does not look broken

CHAPTER TEN
Muscle and Bone injuries

R.I.C.E.
R = Rest
I = Ice

constricts vessels to limit the amount of internal bleeding above the level of the heart

C = Compression

E = Elevation

CHAPTER ELEVEN
Spinal Precautions

S & S of Spinal Injury

Tenderness to area Pain associated with movement Pain w/o movement Numbness or weakness to extremities Paralysis Respiratory problems Loss of bladder or bowel control

 Holding inline
Log Roll Infant in car seat

CHAPTER TWELVE
Oxygen application

Chest pain Difficulty Breathing Shock Burns Seizures Significant bleeding or soft tissue injuries Allergic reactions Head injury Abdominal injury

O2 Application

PART TWO

CHAPTER THIRTEEN
Eye Injuries

Foreign body and Chemical

Do not remove foreign body
Flush chemicals for 15 minutes

takes 2 responders

Call EMS Locate type of chemical

Blunt Trauma, Lacerations, and impaled Objects

Spinal precautions If area around eye is bleeding apply light PSI Stabilize impaled objects Ice blunt trauma Cover both eyes

CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Heat Related Emergencies

Three Types
Heat Cramps
Heat Exhaustion

Heat Stroke

Heat Cramps S&S

Feeling faint or dizzy
Exhaustion

Stiff board like abdomen

Possible nausea and vomiting Normal mental status Severe muscle cramps/pain

Heat Exhaustion S&S

Moist and clammy skin
Pale

Weak, dizzy, or faint

Headache Nausea and vomiting

Treatment for Heat Cramps and Heat Exhaustion

Move to cool area
Help cool with damp towels and fanning

If fully conscious give 8oz of cool water or fruit juice every 20 minutes
If S&S do not improve call EMS Restrict all activities for a minimum of 4 - 6 hours

Heat Stroke S&S

Life threatening
Dry or wet hot skin

usually red

Very high body temperature

Coma or near coma

Heat Stroke Treatment

Move to cool area
Rapidly cool patient

remove clothing place damp cloths and ice packs in groin and armpits
(if the Pt starts to shiver stop cooling process)

CHAPTER FIFTEEN
Cold Related Emergencies

Stages of Hypothermia
Shivering Feeling of numbness Slow breathing Slow pulse Slurred speech Decreased Level of Consciousness Hard cold painless body part Death

CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Burns

Types of Burns
Thermal Chemical Electrical Radiation

Classification of Burns
First Degree - red skin w/ swelling

Superficial

Second Degree - pain, blisters, whit or red skin

Partial Thickness Full Thickness

Third Degree - minimal pain, multi colored

Treat First Degree Burns

Cool in water for 20 minutes Cover with a dry bandage

Treat Second Degree Burns

Remove all jewelry
Cover with a DRY nonstick cloth or sheet

use commercial burn sheets if available

Treat for shock

Treat Third Degree Burns

Stop the burning
Remove jewelry

Cover with a DRY nonstick cloth or sheet

use commercial burn sheets if available

Treat for shock Re-evaluate ABCH

Chemical Burns

Brush and/or Flush

Rapidly irrigate

Identify chemical
Check and watch airway

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
Breathing Emergencies

Causes
Allergies
Heart problems

Inhalation injuries
Smoking Lung disease Hyperventilation

Signs & Symptoms

Feeling SOB Agitation, combativeness Blueness = lips, finger beds Muscle retractions (neck and ribs) Nasal flaring Grunting / high pitched sounds (inhalation) Sweating Rapid shallow breathing Tripod position

Treatment
Patients medications

Albuteral Nitroglycerine

Oxygen

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
Cardiac Emergencies

Signs and Symptoms

Shortness of breath Noisy breath sounds Nausea and vomiting Fainting, weakness Anxiety Pain in the chest, arm, neck, shoulder Severe indigestion Cool, wet skin

Treatment
Ventilation's
Chest Compressions Oxygen

CHAPTER NINETEEN
Chest and Head Injuries

Chest Injury S & S

Difficulty breathing Bulging neck veins Coughing up blood Deformity of the rib cage Anxiety, altered LOC Cyanotic (lips, fingernail beds) Bruising Penetrating wounds / Sucking wounds

Head Injury S & S

Irregular breathing Altered LOC Slow or changing pulse Seizures Visual disturbances Headache Blood or fluid draining from the nose or ears

CHAPTER TWENTY

Abdominal Injuries

Abdominal Injury S & S

Blood in stool or urine Nausea and vomiting Tenderness Rigidity Severe Pain Shallow or rapid breathing

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE
Stroke

Stroke S & S
Headache
Altered LOC

Nausea and vomiting

Weakness or numbness Doubled or blurred vision Paralysis on one side of the body

CHAPTER TWENTY - TWO

Diabetic Emergency

Diabetic Emergency S & S

Altered LOC Personality changes Irritability Weakness Dizziness Coma Cool, clammy skin

Treatment for Diabetics

If conscious and able to swallow

sugar juice syrup jelly honey

DO NOT give anything by mouth if semiconscious

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE
Poisoning and Overdose

Poisoning and Overdose S & S

Altered LOC Hallucinations Burning sensation in the chest and throat Headache Excessive sweating Burns/stains around the mouth Difficulty breathing Nausea and vomiting Severe abdominal cramping

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
Seizures, Convulsions and Altered Mental Status

Pre Seizure S & S

Hallucinations
Twitching Metallic taste in mouth Abdominal Pain

During the Seizure

Contraction of the muscles
No breathing Unconsciousness, eyes roll back Frothing at the mouth Clinched teeth

After the Seizure

Small muscle twitching
Deep breathing then shallow irregular breaths Slow return to awareness incontinence

Treatment
Clear area of any hazards
DO NOT stick anything in their mouth ABCH

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
Allergic Reaction

Allergic Reaction S & S

Swelling of tongue and airway Difficulty breathing Itching and burning of the skin and eyes Hives ( red and white bumps) Squeezing sensation in the chest Weak, rapid pulse

Treatment
If stung, remove stinger with a credit card EpiPen

help locate and if necessary help give