By M M V RAVINDRA

Contents
1. Polarity 2. Three Phase Connections 3. Vector group 4. Verification of Vector Group 5. Importance of Vector Group

1. Polarity
The primary and secondary

windings on the core are in same phase If the windings of the Transformer have same direction then voltage induced in both the coils are in same polarity(Additive polarity). If two coils have opposite winding direction then Voltage induced in both coil are in opposite direction.

2. Three Phase Connections

2.1 Star Connection Each end of coil with same polarity is connected to a point called star point. Star point may or may not be grounded Represented with symbol Y in vector group

2. Three Phase Connections

2.2 Delta connection Polarity end of one coil is connected with non polarity end of another coil. In the delta physically the neutral point does not exist so it cannot be brought out. The delta side neutral is the imaginary point 'n' (geometrically found) which is equidistant from a2, b2 and c2. Represented with symbol D in vector group

2. Three Phase Connections

2.3 Zigzag connection

Zigzag connection is also called the

interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the connections, combining the advantages of both. Represented with symbol Z in vector group

3. Vector group
Vector Groups are method of categorizing the primary

and secondary winding configurations of 3-phase transformers and the phase relation between primary and secondary. In vector group primary winding connection should be shown in capital letter Followed by next high voltage winding connection in small letters Followed by phase relation of secondary w.r.t primary winding in clock notation

 Followed by next high voltage and its phase relation

with primary winding and so on. Ex : YNd11 For Auto Transformers connection symbol should followed by symbol a0 Ex : YNa0 Clock notation of phase shift 1. Digit 0 =0 that the LV phasor is in phase with the HV phasor 2. Digit 1 =30 lagging (LV lags HV with 30) because rotation is anti-clockwise. 3. Digit 6 = 180 lagging (LV lags HV with 180)

4. Digit 5 = 150 lagging (LV lags HV with 150) 5. Digit 11 = 330 lagging or 30 leading (LV leads HV with 30) Examples: 1.Dy11 2.YNd11d11 3.YNa0d11 4.Yyn0 5.Dz0

Phase Shift (Deg) 0 30 lag 60 lag 120 lag 150 lag 180 lag 210 lag or 150 lead Yd5 Yy6 Yd7 Yy0 Yd1

Connection Dd0 Dy1 Dd2 Dd4 Dy5 Dd6 Dy7 Dz0 Yz1 Dz2 Dz4 Yz5 Dz6 Yz7

240 lag or 120 lead

300 lag or 60 lead 330 lag or 30 lead Yd11

Dd8
Dd10 Dy11

Dz8
Dz10 Yz11

Yy0

Yy6

Yd11

Yd1

Dz0

What is the vector symbol for the below connection?

Yd5

What is the connection for the vector symbol Dy11?

4. Verification of Vector Group

5. Importance of Vector group

The Determination of vector group of transformers is

very important before connecting two or more transformers in parallel. If two transformers of different vector groups are connected in parallel then phase difference exists between the secondary of the transformers and large circulating current flows between the two transformers.