Presented By:

Deepali Bhardwaj

Data Management

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IIT 13 - Databases

Data Management
Principle of diminishing data value: value of data

diminishes as the data ages. Principle of 90/90 data use: as high as 90 percent of data is seldom accessed after 90 days. Principle of data in context: end users need to see data in a meaningful format and context.

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IIT 13 - Databases

Traditional File Processing

Flat Files / ISAM Files

Data Redundancy &

Inconsistency Program-Data Dependence Lack of Flexibility Security Lack of Data Sharing

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File Organization Concepts

Describes an Entity: Person, Place, thing or event for which information is stored

Attribute: Characteristic or quality describing an Entity

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Data Management
Data Management:
Structured approach for capturing, storing, processing, integrating, distributing and archiving data effectively throughout their life cycle

Life cycle:
The way data travels through an organization from their capture or creation to their use and final disposal

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IIT 13 - Databases

Database Management Approach

An approach to Storing, processing , integrating, distributing and archiving of data in which independent files are consolidated into a common pool, called a database, of records available to different application programs and end users for processing and data retrieval.

Database is a collection of related data organized in a structured manner

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IIT 13 - Databases

Database Management Systems

Allows to centralize data and manage efficiently Access to stored data through programs Interface between physical data files and application

programs Separates logical and physical views of data

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Physical Databases And Logical Views

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DBMS Advantage
Reduces redundancy and inconsistency Uncouples data and programs

Access and availability of information increased

Can perform ad-hoc queries Development and maintenance costs reduced

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Database Models: Relational DBMS (RDBMS)

Data in one table (file) can be related to data in another. Each table contains data on an entity and its attributes Flexible, dynamic relationship building Example: Oracle, IBMs DB2
Table 2 Table 1

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Relational DBMS

Key Field(Primary Field)

Foreign Key

SELECT PART.Part_Number, PART.Part_Name, SUPPLIER.Supplier_Number, SUPPLIER.Supplier_Names FROM PART, SUPPLIER WHERE PART.Supplier_Number = SUPPLIER.Supplier_Number AND Part_Number = 137 OR Part_Number = 150;
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IIT 13 - Databases

RDBMS Example
Order
Ord No Ord Dt
Supp No

Order Line Dtls

Ord No Part No Part Qty

Part Part No Part Name Part Price Supp No

Person Resp Deptt

Supplier
Supp No Supp Name Supp Street Supp City Supp State Supp Zip
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RDBMS Example

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Object-oriented Databases
Database of objects (data values + procedures).
Enables handling of multimedia components(graphics, pictures, voice, text, etc.).

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Databases In The Cloud

Cloud based database management services
Pricing based on usage, volume of data stored, number of input-output requests, amount of data read or written etc Amazon Web Services , Amazon Simple Storage Service(S3)

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Database Access By Applications

On one machine could run against a database Application Client Database Server

On another machine

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Capabilities Of DBMS
Data definition language (schema): Specify the structure Create database tables Define field characteristics in each table Data dictionary (stored data definitions)

Data manipulation language: Tools to access, manipulate information e.g. SQL(Structured Query Language) Add, delete, retrieve and update the data from the database

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Designing Databases
Database Design: How the data elements in a database

will be grouped Designing process

Identifies Relationships between data elements

Groups data elements, refines and streamlines

Entity relationship diagrams Normalization: Rationalize (Normalize) data

Create small, stable, flexible and adaptive data structures

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Normalization
Creates small, stable, flexible data structures from complex groups of data
Simplifies the way data is defined to ensure data consistency and reduce redundancy

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Entity Relationship Diagram

One-To-One

Class 1

Class 2

Class One-To-Many
Student 1
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Student 1

Student 2

Student 3

Student 2

Student 3

Many-To-Many

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