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Handover Types
Intra-Frequency Handovers
Softer Handover Handover between sectors of the same Node B (handled by BTS) No extra transmissions across Iub interface Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is occurring in both the UL and DL
Soft Handover MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (from different Node Bs) Extra transmission across Iub, more channel cards are needed (compared to non-SHO) Mobile Evaluated Handover (MEHO) DL/UE: MRC & UL/RNC: Frame selection combining Hard Handover Arises when inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion) Decision procedure is the same as SHO (MEHO and RNC controlled) Causes temporary disconnection of the (RT) user
Inter-Frequency Handover
Can be intra-BS, intra-RNC, inter-RNC Network Evaluated Handover (NEHO) Decision algorithm located in RNC
Inter-RAT Handover
Handovers between WCDMA and GSM (NEHO) or GAN (WLAN)
Presentation / Author / Date Soc Classification level 3 Nokia Siemens Networks
RNC
100
ADJG
G:InterSystem
100
FMCG WBTS
48 HOPG 100
I:InterFrequency
100
32
S:IntraFrequency
FMCS
32
ADJD
HOPS
100
RNC = Radio Network Controller level parameters WBTS = Node B level parameters WCELL = Cell level parameters FMCx = Frequency Measurement Control parameters (S=intra-frequency set; I=interfrequency; G=inter-RAT) ADJx = Adjacent Cell parameters (S=intra-frequency set; I=inter-frequency; G=interRAT; D=Detected Set)
Soc Classification level 4 Nokia Siemens Networks
HOPx = Handover Path parameters (S=intra- frequency set; I=inter-frequency; G=interRAT) Presentation / Author / Date
31
FMCS parameters 1 Active Set Weighting Coefficient Addition Reporting Interval Addition Time Addition Window CPICH Ec/No Filter Coefficient CPICH Ec/No HHO Cancellation CPICH Ec/No HHO Cancellation Time CPICH Ec/No HHO Threshold CPICH Ec/No HHO Time Hysteresis CPICH RSCP HHO Cancellation CPICH RSCP HHO Cancellation Time CPICH RSCP HHO Filter Coefficient CPICH RSCP HHO Threshold CPICH RSCP HHO Time Hysteresis Drop Time Drop Window Maximum Active Set Size Replacement Reporting Interval Replacement Time Replacement Window
100
In GSM:
Soc Classification level 6 Nokia Siemens Networks
Define HO Trigger
HoThresholdsLevDL Rx (LDR): -92 dBm Px (LDP): 3 Nx (LDN): 4
Soft Handover
HC supports the following measurement reporting events and features:
Event 1A: A primary CPICH enters the reporting range (Ncell addition) Event 1B: A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range (Ncell deletion) Event 1C: A non-active CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH (Ncell replacement) Cell individual offsets for modifying measurement reporting behaviour Mechanism for forbidding a neighboring cell to affect the reporting range
Handover decision performed by RNC based on measurements and available resources Admission Control can reject the branch addition in case the maximum load is achieved in DL (threshold + offset), valid both for RT and NRT bitrates. Hard blocking may prevent branch addition
AdditionWind ow 1 2
RNC
DropWindow
DropTime
Measurement Report
Soc Classification level 13 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Time
Remove the reported cell from the AS
AS update?
RNC
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM
RSSI RSSImeasurements measurementsand andBSIC BSIC verification for GSM cells verification for GSM cells RNC RNCmakes makesHO HOdecision decisionand and commands UE to target cell commands UE to target cell
Soc Classification level 19 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Reporting cells are active set cells (max 3) + max 6 IFHO, max 6 ISHO neig Different decision methods for IF HO Only one decision method for IS HO
WCDM A IS measurements
IF -measurements
IF-HO Decision
IS-HO Decision
WCDM A
RSSI meas.
BSIC verification
BSIC verification required in case neighbour list includes multiple GSM neighbours using the same RF carrier
Soc Classification level 20 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Inter-System HO cancellation Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM 3G-2G Cell Reselection
3. UE Tx power 4. DL DPCH approaches its approaches its Measureme maximum allowed power maximum allowed nt FMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrDL power, event 6A/6D Trigger FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrDL FMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrUL FMCG: 5. Quality deterioration report 6 . Others GSMcauseTxPwrUL from UL outer loop PC - Load and Service based HO FMCI: IFHOcauseUplinkQuality - IMSI based HO FMCG: GSMcauseUplinkQuality - Emergency ISHO Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-Frequency = FMCI Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-System (GSM) = FMCG
Soc Classification level 22 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover: Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM
IFHO Parameters
CPICH RSCP (Event 1F) Thresholds:
HHoRscpThreshold HHoRscpCancel
L3 filter:
InterFreqDLTxPwrThrXX
HHoEcNoThreshold HHoEcNoCancel
L3 filter: Time to trigger:
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateDL
Threshold: L3 filter:
InterFreqUETxPwrThrXX InterFreqUETxPwrFilterCoeff *
Hysteresis margin (time to trigger): Data rate threshold
ULQualDetRepThreshold
Data rate threshold
InterFreqUETxPwrTimeHyst * HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL *
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateU L
Handover Triggering
Decision Algorithm
AdjiPlossMargi n AdjiMinEcNo AdjiMinRSCP AdjiTxPwrDPC H AdjiEcNoMargi n Handover Execution
ISHO parameters
CPICH RSCP (Event 1F) Thresholds: HHoRscpThreshold HHoRscpCancel L3 filter: HHoRscpFilterCoefficient Timers: HHoRscpTimeHysteresis HHoRscpCancelTime UE Tx Power (Event 6A) Threshold: GsmUETxPwrThrXX L3 filter: GsmUETxPwrFilterCoeff Hysteresis margin: GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst Data rate threshold HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL DL DPCH power Threshold: GsmDLTxPwrThrXX Data rate threshold HHOMAxAllowedBitrateD L CPICH Ec/Io (Event 1F) Thresholds: HHoEcNoThreshold HHoEcNoCancel L3 filter: Done already for SHO Timers: HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis HHoEcNoCancelTime UL Quality Timer: ULQualDetRepThreshold Data rate threshold HHOMAxAllowedBitrateU L
(XX=AMR,CS,NrtPS,RtPS)
Handover Execution
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover SRNS Relocation Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM
New UEs can be switched to CM when: Pxx_Total < Pxx_Target & # of UEs in CM < MaxNumbUECMcoverHO Load
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover: SRNS Relocation Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Inter-System HO cancellation Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM 3G-2G Cell Reselection
(continued)
35
IFHO Parameters
The meaning of the parameters is: AVE_RSCP_NCELL (n) and AVE_EcNo_NCELL (n) are the averaged CPICH Ec/No and RSCP values of the best (according to CPICH Ec/No) neighbor cell (n). AVE_CPICH_EcNo is the averaged CPICH Ec/No of the best active set cell. P_MAX is the maximum UE power capability. HOPI: AdjiMinRSCP(n) Range: -115..-25 dBm, step 1 dBm, Default value: -100 dBm Determines the minimum required CPICH RSCP (dBm) level in the best inter-frequency neighbor cell (n). ADJI: AdjiTxPwrDPCH Range: -50..33 dBm, step 1 dBm Indicates the maximum transmission power level that an UE may use on the DPCH in the neighbor cell. It is used in the IF handover decision algorithm HOPI: AdjiEcNoMargin(n) Range: -24..24 dB, step 0.5 dB Default value: 1 dB determines the margin (dB) by which the CPICH Ec/No of the best neighbor cell (n) must exceed the CPICH Ec/No of the best active set cell before the inter-frequency handover is possible HOPI: AdjiMinEcNo(n) Range: -24..0 dB, step 0.5 dB Default value: -13 dB determines the minimum required CPICH Ec/No (dB) in the inter-frequency best neighbor cell (n) before the IFHO is possible HOPI: AdjiPlossMargin(n) Range: -50..100 dB, step 1 dB Default value: 2 dB determines the margin (dB) by which the propagation loss of the best active set cell must exceed the propagation loss of the best neighbor cell (n) before the inter-frequency Handover is possible
Soc Classification level 37 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover: SRNS Relocation Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM
ISHO Decision
The following conditions have to be satisfied, before an inter-system Handover can be conducted. The best neighboring cell must fulfil following criterion (best according to Ec/No): AVE_RXLEV_NCell(n) > AdjgRxLevMinHO(n) + max(0, AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH(n) P_max) where AVE_RXLEV _Ncell(n) is the averaged GSM carrier RSSI value of the GSM neighbor cell(n), averaging done directly from dBm values (no linear averaging); FMCG: GSMMeasAveWindow / 6, 132 meas report. AdjgRxLevMinHO(n) determines the minimum Required RSSI (dBm) level of the neighbor cell(n). AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH(n) indicated the maximum Tx power level (dBm) an UE may use in GSM neighbor cell(n). P_MAX is the maximum UE power capability. If several GSM cells fulfil the equation above, cells are ranked based on HOPG: AdjgPriorityCoverage/0, range 07 A cell is ranked higher than another cell if it has a higher priority level even though its signal strength condition was worse Soc Classification level 39 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date Inter-system HO could be forbidden during the first measurements reports from
Handover 3G -> 2G
FMCG GSMcauseCPICHEcNo = 1 ( enable) GSMcauseCPICHrscp =1 (enable) FMCS HHoRscpThreshold = -105 (The parameter HHoRscpThreshold determines the absolute CPICH RSCP threshold which is used by the UE to trigger the reporting event 1F. When the measured CPICH RSCP of all active set cells has become worse than or equal to the threshold in question, the RNC starts inter-frequency or inter-RAT (GSM) measurements in compressed mode for the purpose of hard handover.) HHoRscpCancel = -102 HHoEcNoThreshold = -12 HHoEcNoCance l= -9 HHoEcNoCancelTime = 640 ms HHoRscpCancelTime = 640 ms HOPG AdjgRxLevMinHO = 95 This parameter determines the minimum required GSM RSSI level which the averaged RSSI value of the GSM neighbour cell must exceed before the coverage (or quality) reason handover to GSM is possible.
Handover 3G -> 2G
Configurable
Nokia Range
Default/T-Mobile UK
1 16 4 dB 1 dB 40 dBm 1 dB
Changeable
Parameter explanation Indicates the reporting quantity for UTRAN FDD cells Indicates if 3G cells may be searched when BSIC decoding is required The number of cells from the access technology/mode FDD that shall be included in the measurement report Indicates the Qsearch value to be used in connected mode before Qsearch_C is received
Note Not tunable, Fixed value 1 Not tunable, Fixed value 1 Not tunable, Fixed value 2 Not tunable, Fixed value 0
Qsearch_C_Initial
Handover 2G -> 3G
EN_3G_HO : YES A_ECNO_HO:8 ( number of SACH multiframe taken ECNO average) THR_ECNO_HO: Always 3G whatever ECNO FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING:2 EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO: Enable THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REG :0 Soc Classification level THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REJECT 47 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date :0
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover: SRNS Relocation Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM Load Based from GSM to WCDMA
Feature can be used to push 3G AMR calls to 2G Extreme parameter setting for ISHO trigger cause UE Tx power (event 6A)
UE
[..]
RNC
RRC: RadioBearerSetup
ISHO measurements with Measurement & HO to GSM Report sh means Handover, not Directed-Retry !
Soc Classification level 49 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
FMCG: GsmUETxPwrThrAMR
Range and step: -60..0 dB This parameter determines the UE TX power threshold for a CS voice connection. If the handover to GSM caused by high UE TX power level is enabled, the RNC starts inter-RAT (GSM) measurements when the UE TX power reaches this threshold. The UE TX power threshold is relative to the maximum TX power level an UE can use on the DPCH in the cell (or the maximum RF output power capability of the UE, whichever is lower To enable feature, setting must be 60 dB
Handover Control
Handover Types Intra-Frequency Handover: Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Handover:
Measurement triggering Inter-Frequency & Inter-System Measurements Compressed-Mode Inter-Frequency HO decision Inter-System HO decision Forced AMR voice call handover to GSM Load Base handover from GSM to WCDMA
80%
Packet PacketData Datato toWCDMA WCDMA regardless of GSM regardless of GSMload load
Higher Higherbit bitrates rates for data users for data users
Packet PacketBCCH BCCHparameters parameterscan canbe beused used to push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA to push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA 0%
Soc Classification level 52 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
WCDMA WCDMA can can be be used used to to relieve relieve GSM GSM overload overload GSM GSM can can be be used used to to extend extend WCDMA WCDMA coverage coverage area area
GSM GSM
GSM GSM
Mobile moving
The TheRXLEV RXLEVof ofthe theserving servingcell cellis isabove aboveor or below belowthe thegiven giventhreshold thresholdQsearch_C Qsearch_C The number of GSM neighbor reported could be 3-
in the Measurement Information In themessage S10.5 MS is measuring the UTRAN cells Inter-RAT continuously if they are defined as a neighbor , Inter-RATmeasurements measurementsstarts startsin incase case depending on the set value of parameter FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORT (0,1,2=def,3).
Handover HandoverDecision Decisionis isdone donein incase caseof of The load is measured in the cell Load Loadof ofthe theserving servingcell cell> >Load_Threshold Load_Threshold level by comparing the occupied and andCPICH CPICHEc/No> Ec/No>min minEc/No Ec/NoThreshold Threshold TCHs to the available TCHs (20 s
interval used)
Load Threshold for Speech Calls or Transparent Data inter-RAT Handover: utranHoThScTpdc (Min Traffic Handover Handovercommand commandis issend sendto toMSC MSC Load TDHO), default = 80% minEcnoThreshold (Min CPICH Soc Classification level EC/NO Threshold), default 15 54 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
MS MSselects selectsthe thetarget targetUTRAN UTRANcell cellbased based on measurement results on measurement results
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
Intrafrequency
EC/N0 =
-14 dB
SintraSearch: 0...20; def.: 10 dB SinterSearch: 0...20; def.: 8 dB Ssearch_RAT: 0...20; def.: 4 dB
Presentation / Author / Date
-10 dB
-8 dB
Example: NSN Qqualmin = -18 dB, Sintrasearch = 10dB, Sintersearch = 8dB, Ssearch_RAT = 4dB
Soc Classification level 56 Nokia Siemens Networks
serving cell
UE starts GSM measurements if CPICH Ec/No < qQualMin + sSearchRAT Serving WCDMA cell First ranking of all the cells based on calculation, with CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM) hysteresis parameter Rs = CPICH RSCP + Qhyst1 Rn= Rxlev(n) - Qoffset1 Neighbour WCDMA or GSM cell calculation with offset parameter
No
Rn (GSM) > Rs (WCDMA) And Rxlev (GSM) >QrxlevMin Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based on CPICH Ec/No Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2 Rn=CPICH_Ec/No(n)-Qoffset2
Soc Classification level 57 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Yes
GSM cell:
Rxlev > Qrxlevmin
Ranking is done using Criteria R, and the UE reselects to the cell with highest Rcriteria. R-criteria is defined as:
For serving cell: Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts For neighboring cell Rn = Qmeas,n Qoffsetts,n Qmeas is CPICH Ec/No for WCDMA cell and RxLev for GSM cell
First ranking of all the cells based on CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM) Rs = CPICH RSCP + Qhyst1 Rn= Rxlev(n) - Qoffset1
QqualMin +Ssearch_RAT
Ssearch_RAT=4 dB
QqualMin=-18 dB
Camping on 3G
check
Measurement Updates: RLC_C value of the serving cell + least 6 strongest non serving GSM ce
Fdd_Qoffset: select allways (value is -infinity)
If, for suitable UMTS cell & for a period of 5 s: no priorities between CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset WCDMA and neighbors CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin
Soc Classification level 62 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
FDD_Qmin= -12 dB
UEs to measure 3G neighbour cells when a running average of the received downlink signal level (RLA_C) of the serving cell is below (0-7) or above (8-15) the threshold Valu e dBm 0 -98 1 -94 6 -74 7
Alway s
8 -78
9 -74
10 -70
14 -54
15 Never
add this offset to the RLA_C of the GSM cells. After that the UE compares the measured RSCP values of 3G cells with signal levels of the GSM cells Value dBm
Always select irrespective of Soc Classification level RSCP value 64 Nokia Siemens Networks
0 -always
1 -28
2 -24
3 -20
8 0
14 24
15 28
Fdd_Qmin mapping Aif parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fdd_Qmin (old) [dB] -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 Fdd_Qmin (new) [dB] -20 -6 -18 -8 -16 -10 -14 -12
FDD_REP_QUANT defines the reporting quantity for UTRAN cell (1=Ec/No or 0=RSCP, default 1). This parameter is non-configurable 3G_Search_PRIO parameter allows to extend the BSIC reporting interval from 10 s to 13s by checking the BSICs from non-serving BCCH carriers and also make WCDMA measurements as often as possible. Range is 0=no, 1=yes, default value .This parameter is hidden and it can not be tuned
Defined in the SI2quater and PSI3quater if PBCCH is allocated
FDD_(GPRS) FDD_REP_ 3G_search_ FDD_(GPRS) FDD_REP_ 3G_search_ Parameter Qsearch_I Qsearch_P Qsearch_P FDD_QMin ParameterQsearch_I Qsearch_P Qsearch_P FDD_QMinQoffset QUANT PRIO Qoffset QUANT PRIO 2(3)quarter Name for 2(3)quarter Name for 2quater 2ter 2quater 2ter 2quater 2quater 2quater 3quater 3quater 2ter 2quater 2ter (PBCCH) Sys Info (SI) (PBCCH) Sys Info (SI)
Soc Classification level 65 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Always search for 3G neighbour :Always search for 3G neighbour Always search for 3G neighbour
EN_CPICP_2G_3G_RELECTION: RSCP & ECNO EN_FAST_3G_ReLECTION: Fast 3G cell reselection is used EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION: Disable
TRIAL STRATEGY
Trial Strategy for preventing any negative effects of 3G trials on 2G performance: 1. Cell selection/Reselection from 2G to 3G only done manually. Automatic selection/reselection is disable at 2G site 2. In idle mode after 3G network selected UE is camped only to 3G network if quality of 3G is very good( CPICH RSCP=105 or CPICH EcNo>=-7 by set QQualMin=-14 and SSearchRat=8 3. In 3G dedicated mode UE will handover to 2G if CPICH EcNo of 3G site below -8 dB. 4. Two ways Ho 2G 3G are enable for PS service