EVAPORATIVE COOLING AND HUMIDIFICATION

Aquino, Kazandra M. Magtrayo, Charlette Ritz O. Samson, Jericko L. San Jose, John Kevin G.

THEORY
The basic principle of the cooling tower operation is that of evaporative
condensation and exchange of sensible heat.

The air and water mixture releases latent heat of vaporization which has a
cooling effect on water by turning a certain amount of liquid into its gaseous state thereby releasing the latent heat of vaporization.

The air stream releases latent heat of vaporization thereby dropping the
temperature of the water.

THEORY
The liquid changing to its vaporous state consumes heat which is taken from
the water remaining, thus lowering its temperature.

There is a penalty involved, and that is loss of water which goes up to the
cooling tower and is discharged into the atmosphere as hot moist vapor. Under normal operating conditions, this amounts to approximately 1.2% for each 10 oF cooling range.

THEORY
Sensible heat that changes temperature is also responsible for part of the
cooling towers operation. When water is warmer than the air, there is a tendency for the air to cool the water. The air then gets hotter as it gains the sensible heat of the water and the water is cooled as its sensible heat is transferred to the air.

Approximately 25% of the sensible heat transfer occurs in the tower while
the balance of the 75% cooling is due to the evaporative effect of latent heat of vaporization.

THEORY

OBJECTIVES
To apply the principles of humidification and
evaporative cooling in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger-cooling tower
network in the laboratory.

OBJECTIVES
To study the parts of an induced draft, counterflow
cooling tower and their uses.

To estimate the number of transfer units and

height of a transfer unit of the tower.

ANALYTICAL BALANCE

MOVABLE LADDER

EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS

cooling tower and shell-and-tube heat exchanger network and accessories

DIGITAL TIMER

DIGITAL THERMOMETER

100 mL Beaker

TAPE MEASURE

THERMO-HYGRO-ANEMOMETER

BOILER

HEAT EXCHANGER

WATER TANK

COOLING TOWER

SWITCHES

BOILER UNIT

SET UP

PROCESS FLOW

PROCEDURE
START UP 1. Check for debris in the tower , air discharge area, catch basin.

2.Open drain hole and flush the basin with clean water
3. Measure the tower diameter and height of packing 4.Open windows and exhaust fans for proper ventilation

5. Switch fan motor to attain steady state air flow in the tower
6. Open header valve and discharge valve to the tank 7. Close drain valve. Open it prior to the main experiment

PROCEDURE
MAIN EXPERIMENT 1. When the heat exchanger reaches steady state condition ( constant fluid temp and pressure), allow water to enter the cooling tower by closing the drain valve. 2. Gather and tabulate data. (air conditions, water conditions and flowrates) 3. Repeat step 2 in 10 minute intervals until steady state is attained. (0.5 difference on 3 consecutive data)

PROCEDURE
SHUTDOWN

1. Continue the circulation of water until all the steam in the pipeline are
condensed.

2. Wait until all the water in the system was discharged to the catch basin.
Switch off the fan , unplugged from power source

3. Open drain valves to ensure that no entrained water remains in the pipeline.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!