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SUPPLIER
Travel grate
Slow combustion More un burnt in combusting coal Spreader stoker front or rear discharge Old technology suitable for most of the solid fuels
PC
Furnace T
Hi thermal h
Proven tech Very high capacities e.g. utilities Low Nox capture with spl burners Sox capture not viable Fuel flexibility poor
FBC
Fluidized beds suspend solid fuels on upward-blowing jets of air during the combustion process. More effective chemical reactions and heat transfer. Sox capture possible Suitable for coal and biomass & other fuels.
CFBC -ADVANTAGES
Fuel flexibility Low grade fuel firing Low Nox Sox capture High thermal h
No clinker
: 327 / 540 C
: 419 tph : 60-100%
: 250 C
: ~ 86%
PARTS OF BOILER
Drum Furnace Cyclone Loop Seal HRA Re heater Super heaters Economizer APH ESP Refractory Ash coolers ID Fans PA / SA Fans Coal Feeders Hot air generators Over Bed Burners J seal Fan Bubble Caps Bunker Soot blower
STEAM DRUM
Furnace
Flue
-Top supported
-Membrane walled -Wing walls for water panels for super heaters
-Metal spray:
-Important measurements
Temperature Inventory
-Refractory lining
-SA injection -PA from Bottom
SA
Draining of bed
Solids circulation
SA
PA
The furnace design higher bed velocity : 5.2 - 5.5m/s Lower top velocity : 4.4 - 4.6 - 5.2 m/s The furnace height Extend residing time Once through 6.8 - 7s Advantages Low abrasion High reliability High combustion efficiency Control bed temperature for variety of heat fuel Control furnace outlet temperature to prevent super heater erosion Keep main steam parameters at 50%MRC Low Nox emission at different load
BUBBLE CAPS
CIRCULATION
Circulation ratio 25-30 Separation Rate 99.5 %
Flue
CYCLONE
Membrane walled Steam as media Velocity of recycling 20-25 m/s Escape particle size 60 m Refractory lining
Ash
Highly reliable Keep lower recirculation ash temperature Low melting point: 1020C
LOOP SEAL
Balancing the solids
Recirculation
Controlling Furnace t Back sifting Front seal air qty via rear Erosion
Seal air
Seal air
J SEAL Fan
Refractory
Plastic refractory Abrasion resistant refractory Monolithic
Refractory Interface
HRA
Second pass
Cyclone out
MOC: SA 210 A1 Membrane walled Steam as media Top supported Enclosure for super heaters, Re heaters
Cyclone
Re heater
Operating pr: 2.71 Mpa
Steam flow
Steam t C I/t:327 C Steam t C o/t:540 C
Super heaters
LT super heater Steam t in /out: Flue gas t in / out HT super heater Steam t in /out: Flue gas t in / out Controls by Dampers/ spray
Control Damper
Flue in
Four Dampers 2 nos in Re heater & 2 in super heater Temperature control esp. during start up Isolation of Re heater when required
Economizer
Water t C in : 250
Water t C out :
Flue in t : Flue out t :
MOC: SA210 A1
APH
TUBULAR Three pass Air in tube Flue outside Air in tC : 250
Air out tC :
Flue in t : Flue out t : MOC: CS /carton steel
ESP
COAL FEEDERS
COAL FEEDING
ASH COOLERS
ASH CW
CW
ASH
4 coolers working N-1 condition 3 to meet MCR Ash treated: Ash in t C< 950 Ash out t C <150 Particle size: < 12 mm (typ)
Capacity : 1000 lpm HEA (Retracting) Min WP: 10 kg/cm2 Pressure jet
Capacity : 1200 lpm HEA (Retracting) Min WP: 10 kg/cm2 Pressure jet
ID Fans
ID Fans : 2 x 60% Fan Flow : Nm3/hr Head MCR : mm wc Margins H/Q : Speed control by fluid coupling
PA / SA Fans
SA 2 x 60% Nm3/hr mm wc Fan Flow Head MCR Margins H/Q = Speed control by fluid coupling Nm3/hr mm wc
Deaerator
Capacity -De aeration: 530 tph Storage: 10 min MCR Feed water inlet temp : Feed water outlet temp : 160 deg C
Coal sieve
Coal Analysis 100
% passing
10
1 0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00 mm
Cum passing
100.00
10-8 mm
8-5.6 mm 5.6-4 mm 4-2.8 mm 2.8-2 mm 2-1.4 mm 1.4-1.0 mm 1.0-0.71 mm 0.71-0.5 mm 0.5-0.355 mm 0.355-0.25 mm 0.25-0.18 mm 0.18-0.125 mm 0.125-0.09 mm 0.09-0.063 mm <0.063 mm
8.944
6.693 4.733 3.347 2.366 1.673 1.183 0.843 0.596 0.421 0.298 0.212 0.150 0.106 0.075 0.045
95.00
86.00 82.00 68.20 58.20 42.60 36.50 32.00 28.00 22.20 20.30 16.50 12.10 8.30 5.20 1.86
Coal analyses
Design Proximate Analysis (ARB) Imp coal 26 34.52 32.38 6 Ind coal 10.5 21 26.2 42.3 Imp coal 23 33 31 3.5 Min Ind coal Imp coal 35 36 34 7 Max Ind coal 16.5 19.5 20 44
Moisture % Volatile Matter % Fixed Carbon %Ash % Ash % Sulphur (A.D. Basis) Organic % Pyretic % Sulphate % GCV Ultimate Analysis Carbon % Hydrogen % Nitrogen % Oxygen % Sulpher %
% passing
10
0 0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00 mm
Temperature profiles
Ttop
Tseal-pot
Tbottom
Controls on CFBC
Furnace pressure PA SA pressure Wind Box pressure ( Monitoring) Furnace bottom pressure Furnace DP PA SA split flow
Fuel flow
Bed temperature control Bed level control Steam drum level control Steam temperature control Damper / Spray water Re heater steam temperature control J seal air flow ( less critical )
Start up curves
Hot start up
Upper furnace temperature high then increasing PA increases bulk density and heat transfer Increase of PA dilutes lower bed density Make up materials required depends on how fuel contributes inventory and how well is its integrity Particle temperature critical
Interlocks
J seal fans trip ID trip PA trip ID Fans trip SA trip ID trip PA trip
PA trip
Ash cooler stop Burners trip
Total air
O2 Steam pressure Bed level Bed inventory Bed temperature Steam temp
By PA + SA (VSC / Dampers)
By SA By coal feeders (VFD) + fans Ash coolers (VFD) Coal + bed materials + limestone Coal feeders (VFD) Attemperator / dampers cascade
Thank you !