Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By Mr Daniel Hansson
What is Violence?
The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. (WHO, 2002)
What is Bullying?
Bullying: When a person is exposed repeatedly over time to negative actions on the part of one or more people Cyber bullying: The use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm others Happy slapping: Using physical violence against a person while a third person videotapes the event
Evaluation
Generalisability problem. Olweus research was only conducted in Norway, a country that already emphasizes communitarian norms. It is possible that other, less communitarian or individualistic cultures also require a change in cultural norms Policies and programmes may only be effective if everyone is aware of them and committed to change, including parents Research is qualitative, therefore there are possible researcher biases or Hawthorne effects. Research cannot measure whether the methods are effective outside of school Conclusion: Antibullying programmes have been shown to be effective and are important at all grade levels.