Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies.

But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather.The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River.Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded.

Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body. Once the body was completely desiccated, the body was rubbed with perfumed oils and then wrapped very carefully with linen bandages. Once completely wrapped, the remains were placed inside of a sarcophagus and then inside of a tomb. In the case of the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, their tombs are now known as the Great Pyramids of Giza.Present-day scientists, also known as Egyptologists, are interested in studying mummies because they provide a wealth of knowledge about the time in which they were made. By studying the remains, scientists can find out the health of the mummified person, life expectancies, and the kinds of diseases that plagued ancient Egypt.

In this science fair project, we played the part of the royal embalmer (the person in charge of making the mummies). Instead of mummifying a pharaoh of ancient Egypt, we mummified something much closer to home a HOT DOG!

1- How did we mummify the hot dog? 2 - How long did it take to mummify the hot dog?

If we desiccate the hot dog like the pharaohs did to the dead bodies using baking soda instead of natron salt it will similarly be mummified .

-Disposable gloves -Paper towel -Meat hot dog, standard size -Ruler -Piece of cotton string -Kitchen scale, -Airtight plastic storage box with lid that is longer, wider, and several inches deeper than the hot -dog -Baking soda -Lab notebook

1. Put on one pair of the gloves .

2. Measure the length of the hot dog.

3. Measure the circumference of the hot dog.

4. Measure the weight of the hot dog on the kitchen scale.

5.Put at least 1 inch of baking soda in the bottom of the storage box.

6. Cover the hot dog completely with baking soda. 7. Seal the box with the lid and put the box in an indoor shady location. Do not disturb it for one weekno peeking!

8. After one week, check on your hot dog. take the hot dog out of the baking soda and dust all of the baking soda off into a trash can.. 9.Place the hot dog on a paper towel and measure the length and the circumference of the hot dog. Use the kitchen scale and weigh the hot dog. Record the data in your lab notebook

10. Observe the hot dog. Has the color changed? Does it smell? How did the hot dog change after a week in the baking soda?

11.Clean the Box & make sure you dry it thoroughly . The hot dog must be completely covered. 12. Now, replace the old baking soda. Keep the hot dog in the box for three additional days, for a total of 10 days of mummification. 13.At the end of the 10th day, take the hot dog out of the baking soda and repeat steps 2 , 3 and 4. *How did the hot dog change from the 1st day to the 10th day? How, if at all, did the hot dog change from the 7th day to the 10th day? *If it did not change, then your hot dog is mummified. *If it did change, you might want to try covering it with baking soda again for a couple of days and then repeating steps 2,3 and 4 to see if there is a further change. 11. Plot your data

Measure / Day
Length Weight Circumference
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Day 1
11.8 cm 35.3 gm 6.5 cm

Day 7
10.9 cm 24.1 gm 6 cm

Day 11
10.9 cm 22.4 gm 6 cm

Day 1 Day 7 Day 11

Length (cm)

weight (gm)

circumference(cm)

It will be a graph representing the changes happened to the weight, length and circumference of the hot dog accompanied with something saying that the hot dog got mummified.

The sequence the pharaohs used in mummifying their dead bodies Something about the Egyptian history How to mummify practically a body

*Marwa Mohsen *Shorouk Hossam

40 35 30 25 Length

20
15 10 5 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 11

weight

circumference

8. Now discard the old baking soda and clean out your box. Make sure you dry it thoroughly. Put on another pair of gloves and fill the box with a new layer of baking soda. Again, put at least 1 inch of baking soda in the bottom of the box. Lay the same hot dog on top of the baking soda and cover it with additional baking soda. You should have at least 1 inch of baking soda on top of the hot dog, and baking soda along the sides of the hot dog. The hot dog must be completely covered

Objective To study the science of mummification by mummifying a hot dog using baking soda.

1.Put on one pair of the gloves .

2. Measure the length of the hot dog

3. Measure the circumference of the hot dog.

1.Put on one pair of the gloves .

2. Measure the length of the hot dog 3. Measure the circumference of the hot dog.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.

Once the body was completely desiccated, the body was rubbed with perfumed oils and then wrapped very carefully with linen bandages. Once completely wrapped, the remains were placed inside of a sarcophagus and then inside of a tomb. In the case of the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, their tombs are now known as the Great Pyramids of Giza. Present-day scientists, also known as Egyptologists, are interested in studying mummies because they provide a wealth of knowledge about the time in which they were made. By studying the remains, scientists can find out the health of the mummified person, life expectancies, and the kinds of diseases that plagued ancient Egypt. In this science fair project, we played the part of the royal embalmer (the person in charge of making the mummies). Instead of mummifying a pharaoh of ancient Egypt, you mummified something much closer to home a HOT DOG! 1- How did we mummify the hot dog? 2 - How long did it take to mummify the hot dog? If we desiccate the hot dog like the pharaohs did to the dead bodies using baking soda instead of natron salt it will similarly be mummified

-Disposable gloves -Paper towel -Meat hot dog, standard size -Ruler -Piece of cotton string -Kitchen scale, -Airtight plastic storage box with lid that is longer, wider, and several inches deeper than the hot -dog -Baking soda -Lab notebook

-Disposable gloves -Paper towel -Meat hot dog, standard size -Ruler -Piece of cotton string -Kitchen scale, -Airtight plastic storage box with lid that is longer, wider, and several inches deeper than the hot -dog -Baking soda -Lab notebook 1. Put on one pair of the gloves and place a paper towel on your work surface. Place the hot dog on top of the paper towel and the ruler next to it. Measure the length of the hot dog and record the number in your lab notebook in a data table like the one shown below. 2. Take the piece of string and wrap it around the middle of the hot dog to measure the distance around the middle. You are measuring the circumference of the hot dog. Make a mark on the string where the end of the string meets up with itself. Lay the string along the ruler to measure the distance from the end of the string to the mark. This is the circumference of your hot dog. Note the value down in your lab notebook.

3. Measure the weight of the hot dog on the kitchen scale. Record this value in your lab notebook. 4. Now prepare for the mummification process. The purpose of this process is to desiccate and preserve the hot dog. Put at least 1 inch of baking soda in the bottom of the storage box. Lay the hot dog on top of the baking soda. Cover the hot dog with more baking soda. Make sure that you have at least 1 inch of baking soda on top of the hot dog, and baking soda along the sides of it. The hot dog must be completely covered with baking soda. 5. Seal the box with the lid and put the box in an indoor shady location, away from heating and cooling vents, where it will not be disturbed. Note the date and time that you started the process in your lab notebook. Do not disturb it for one weekno peeking! 6. After one week, check on your hot dog. Put on a new pair of disposable gloves and take the hot dog out of the baking soda and dust all of the baking soda off into a trash can. Place the hot dog on a paper towel and measure the length and the circumference of the hot dog. Use the kitchen scale and weigh the hot dog. Record the data in your lab notebook.

7. Observe the hot dog. Has the color changed? Does it smell? How did the hot dog change after a week in the baking soda? Set the hot dog aside on a paper towel.

8. Now discard the old baking soda and clean out your box. Make sure you dry it thoroughly. Put on another pair of gloves and fill the box with a new layer of baking soda. Again, put at least 1 inch of baking soda in the bottom of the box. Lay the same hot dog on top of the baking soda and cover it with additional baking soda. You should have at least 1 inch of baking soda on top of the hot dog, and baking soda along the sides of the hot dog. The hot dog must be completely covered 9. Seal the box with the lid and put the box back where it was before. Keep the hot dog in the box for three additional days, for a total of 10 days of mummification. At the end of the 10th day, take the hot dog out of the baking soda and repeat steps 6 and 7.10. How did the hot dog change from the 1st day to the 10th day? How, if at all, did the hot dog change from the 7th day to the 10th day? If it did not change, then your hot dog is mummified. If it did change, you might want to try covering it with baking soda again for a couple of days and then repeating steps 6 and 7 to see if there is a further change. 11. Plot your data

It will be a graph representing the changes happened to the weight, length and circumference of the hot dog accompanied with something saying that the hot dog got mummified.

The sequence the pharaohs used in mummifying their dead bodies Something about the Egyptian history How to mummify practically a body

Students' names : Shorouk Hossam Marwa El Menshawy

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed Through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.

Most people associate ancient Egypt with the pharaohs, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and mummies. But what is the connection between these three things and what is a mummy? A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by chemicals or by exposure to the elements of weather. The ancient Egyptians believed that preserving the body was important because without the body, the previous owner's "ka," or life force, would always be hungry. It was important for a person's ka to survive so that he or she could enjoy the afterlife or life after death. The ancient Egyptians started mummifying remains about 3300 BC, although remains were found in Pakistan that had been mummified at about 5000 BC. There were several steps to the ritual of mummification. First, the body was thoroughly washed in the waters of the Nile River. Then the brain was removed through the nostrils and discarded. An opening was made in the left side of the abdomen and the lungs, liver, stomach and intestines were removed and placed into four canopic jars. Each jar was believed to be guarded by a different god. The heart was left in the body because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the location of emotion and thought. Finally, the body was stuffed and covered with natron salt. The purpose of this step was to remove all bodily fluids and desiccate the body.