Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CELL WALL
Bacterial forms
Pleomorphic various shape, no cell wall Bacilli rod shaped Cocci spherical
Cocci
Staphylococci
Treponema pallidum
Genetic material
Nucleoid -DNA in the form of closed circles - Without histones
FLAGELLAR CHARACTERISTICS
Monotrichous flagellum on one pole Lopotrichous tuffs of flagella on one pole Amphitrichous- tuffs of flagella on both poles Peritrichous flagella over the entire surface.
Cell DIVISION
BINARY FISSION - cell pinches in two. FRAGMENTATION separation of a filament into several fragments
Transduction- a bacterium incorporates DNA carried in by a virus. Conjugation DNA is passed through a tube (pilus) that joins two adjacent cell.
CLASSIFICATION
Division Eubacteria 1. Gliding Bacteria non-flagellated
inhabit areas rich in H2S such as sewage, deep mud layers of lake. e.g. Beggiatoa Cytophaga
3. Nitrifying
1. oxidize ammonium to nitrite Nitrosomonas
4. Denitrifying
Conversion of nitrogen compounds to Nitrogen gas (N2).
SECTION CYANOBACTERIA
Formerly known as blue green algae Phycobilins present: 1. phycocyanin blue green pigment 2. phycoerythrin red pigment Biliproteins in association with protein Phycobilisomes aggregation of phycobilins in small nodules.
Thalli organization
1. 2. Unicellular Chroococcus Colonies with mucilaginous matrix - Microcystis 3. Unbranched filaments Oscillatoria 4. Branched filamentsHapalosiphon
heterocyst
Nostoc
2. Heterocystous
Microcyctis shake
Oscillatoria
Micrococcus
Spirulina
Spores
Sporangiospores (sporangium) in Subdivision Mastigomycotina and Zygomycotina. Conidia - (not inside a sporangium) Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina Sclerotia - compact aggregate of mycelium, more resistant
Metabolism
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration (brewing, vinting, dough making) Rusts and smuts - plant diseases Athletes foot, ring worm, candidiasis Thermophiles - 50C Psychrophilous - -10C to -15C Xerophilous - grow on dry substrates
Fungi
Chitinous cell wall Absorptive phagotrophs Extracellular digestion Toxins alternaric acid, giberellins, Phytoalexins plants defense mechanism
Essential nutrients carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, and sulfur Agents of decay, rot, spoilage, and decomposition,
Division Myxomycota
Are commonly called Slime Molds
Zygote
suspensor
Columella
Zygospore
Cub Fungi
Mushrooms Puffballs Bracket fungi Birds nest Stinkhorns Jelly fungi Bracket fungi ear fungi rust and smut earth stars
mushroom
Bracket fungi
Stinkhorn
Earth star
Bracket fungi
Stinkhorn Dictyophora
Peziza
Cookeina
Apothecium of Cookeina
Ross D. Vasquez