A thyristor is one of the several controllable semi conductor devices that can act either like a switch, rectifier

or as a voltage regulator. The name thyristor is a combination of two words the thyratron and the transistor. A thyristor functions a little like a transistor. It consists of three electrodes: the gate, the anode and the cathode. A thyristor is a four-layer semiconductor device, consisting of alternating P type and N type materials (PNPN).

The four layers act as bistable switches. As long as the voltage across the device has not reversed (that is, they are forward biased), thyristors continue to conduct electric current. The most common type of thyristor is the siliconcontrolled rectifier (SCR). The most common use of thyristors is in AC circuits. Thyristors are also used in motor speed controls, light dimmers, pressurecontrol systems, and liquid-level regulato

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

A silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) consists of a four-layer silicon wafer with three pn junctions. It has four doped regions, the cathode, the cathode, and the gate. The gate is the control lead. The SCR is triggered into conduction by applying gate-cathode voltage, which causes a specific level of gate current.

The device is returned to its non-conducting state by either anode current interruption or forced commutation. When the SCR is turned off,it stays in a non-conducting state until it receives another trigger. Therefore, the SCR can be termed as one-operation thyristors or rectifier thyristors.

Silicon controlled switch

A four-terminal switching device having four semiconductor layers, all of which are accessible; it can be used as a silicon controlled rectifier, gate-turnoff switch, complementary silicon controlled rectifier, or conventional silicon transistor. Abbreviated SCS. Also known as reverse-blocking tetrode thyristor.

Comparison of SCR and scs

The SCS has a much lower power capability compared to the SCR The SCS has faster switching times than the SCR The SCS can be switched off by gate control

Triac
A triac is a three-terminal five-layer device capable of conducting current in both directions. It is identified as a three-electrode ac semiconductor switch that switches conduction on and off during alternation. The triac is equivalent of the two reverse parallelconnected thyristors with one common gate.

Diac
A diac is a bi-directional diode that can be triggered into conduction by reaching a specific voltage value. The crystal structure of this device is the same as pnp transistor with no base connection.

Quadrac
Quadracs are a special type of thyristor which combines a diac and a triac in a single package. The diac is the triggering device for the triac.

programmable unijunction transistor (PUT)

A three-terminal thyristor that, when biased with two external resistors and a voltage source, can provide a negative-resistance characteristic similar to the characteristic of a unijunction transistor. In some of its operating characteristics, a PUT is more like an SCR. Like the UJT, the PUT has a negative resistance region. But this region is unstable in the PUT. The PUT is operated between the on and off states.

Silicon Unilateral Switch

is a type of thyristor used as a breakover device that conducts current in only one direction, it has a third terminal that is used to alter the breakover voltage if connected to a zener diode.

Silicon bilateral switch

The diac and the silicon bilateral switch are grouped as bilateral or bidirectional devices because they can breakover in either direction. There are also breakover devices which breakover in only one direction; they fall in the category of unilateral or unidirectional breakover devices. Although unilateral breakover devices are more frequently employed in SCR triggering, they can also be employed in triac triggering circuit if they have some extra supporting circuitry.

Shockley diode
The Shockley diode conducts once the breakover voltage is reached. It only conducts in one direction. The Shockley diode must be forward biased, and then once the voltage reaches the breakover level it will conduct. Like an SCR it only conducts in one direction. it is used to Trigger switch for an SCR.

Light-activated siliconcontrolled rectifiers (lascr)

Light-activated silicon-controlled rectifiers (LASCR) are thyristors where the state is controlled by light falling upon the silicon semiconductor layer of the device. LASCRs conduct current in one direction when activated by a sufficient amount of light and continue to conduct until the current falls below a specified value. Light-activated silicon-controlled rectifiers (LASCR) are most sensitive to light when the gate terminal is open. Additionally, most LASCRs have a gate terminal so that an electrical pulse can trigger the device in a similar fashion to traditional SCRs.

phototransistor
The phototransistor is a light-controlled transistor. The current through the collector and emitter circuits is controlled by the light input at the base.

Optical coupler
an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light.[1] Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. A common type of optoisolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same package. Opto-isolators are usually used for transmission of digital (on/off) signals, but some techniques allow use with analog (proportional) signals.

Unijunction transistor (UJT)

A unijunction transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor switching device. It consists of an n-type silicon bar with an electrical connection on each end.

Integrated Circuits
Another name for a chip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. Used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, audio and video equipment, and automobiles. Integrated circuits are often classified by the number of transistors and other electronic components

relay
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and retransmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

Group 8
Lolong, Evan Jelie R. Disalan, Nelbert Vidal, Bryan Kevin Porlares, John Christian Gallano, Darwin Francisco, Carlos Miguel