Research Director, Mt.

View College, Valencia City, Bukidnon Visiting Scientist, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 25th ASCCU-AAI National Assembly Hotel Koresco, Cagayan de Oro May 19, 2010

Veneracion G. Cabana, Ph.D., F.A.H.A.

Research Director, Mt. View College, Valencia City, Bukidnon Visiting Scientist, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL PAIR Outstanding International Researcher Awardee, 2010

Veneracion G. Cabana, Ph.D., F.A.H.A.

Talk Outline
I. Research at a world class university II. Research in the Philippines III.Proposals toward excellence

The University of Chicago www.uchicago.edu

is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park
neighborhood of Chicago. Founded by the oil magnate John D. Rockefeller 119 years ago [inaugurated July 1, 1891], it known for its rigorous devotion to academic scholarship and intellectual life .it was the site of the worlds first man-made self-sustaining nuclear

reaction (aka atomic bomb).and [has] the largest university press in

the United States. Ranked among the worlds top ten universities, it is affiliated with 82 Nobel Prize laureates, its Law, Medicine, Physics, and Business schools are among the best there is.

The Campus

Part of the campus with several towers of the main quadrangle viewed from the Midway
Plaisance, a filled-in water thoroughfare during the 1890 World Fair on which site the University was built. The buildings are a blend of traditional English Gothic and awardwinning modern structures designed by renowned architects .

At tHE FOrEFrONt OF MEDICINE

Billings Hospital
DCAM

Billings Hospital (left) and the Ducchossois Center for Advanced Medicine (DCAM, right), two of the hospitals in the University of Chicago Hospitals complex. To the left of Billings is the Chicago Lying-In Hospital for maternity and childbirth with Wyler Hospital further down toward DCAM. To the right of DCAM is the Childrens Hospital. These are all huge buildings. Billings alone is 7 stories high and covers 3 city blocks. Because of extremely cold winters in Chicago, the buildings are connected by tunnels and bridges. The bridge connecting DCAM to Billings can seen in this photograph. The Pritzker School of Medicine and most of the basic science research facilities are located here.

Our lab complex is located at the other side of Billings facing toward DCAM.

John Crerar Library (medical sciences)

Regenstein Library (main library)

$472 million in sponsored research grant awards per year. More than 3,200
patents have been filed since 1987.

The Program Project SCOR in Atherosclerosis (where I was a SCOR coinvestigator) received over $2,000,000 grant from the NIH each year.
In the US, 30% of research grants are from public funds, >60% are from private sources. //www.uchicago.edu

In Partnership

Argonne National Laboratory

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

The University of Chicago manages, supports, and engages with these two major federal research centers where cutting-edge science is always underway. Together these two great laboratories attract $900 million annually in federal research grants.Argonne and Fermi are leaders in ensuring U.S. competitiveness in the global economy, and provide .The research

that takes place in them, often in collaboration with Illinois universities, contributes to the nations environmental, energy, and national security (www.uchicago.edu)

tHE MANHAttAN PrOJECt AKA AtOMIC BOMB The famous (or infamous) University of Chicago accomplishment

Henry Moore, sculptor The sculpture Nuclear Energy was unveiled at 3:36 p.m. on December 2, 1967, precisely a quarter-century after scientists at the University of Chicago achieved the first controlled selfsustaining nuclear chain reaction, initiating the atomic age. The 12-foot bronze sculpture stands on the site of the University's old Stagg Field, where the experiment took place under the leadership of Enrico Fermi.

tHE uNIvErsIty OF CHICAGOs MOst FAMOus Former Employees

Michelle Robinson Obama was an Associate Dean at the University of Chicago, and a vice president for the University of Chicago Hospitals.

Barack Obama taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School, ranked 4th in the nation.

Who I Work With at the U of C

Godfrey Getz, MD, PhD Professor, Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and the College Former Director, SCOR in Atherosclerosis Former Chairman, Department of Pathology Former Dean, Pritzker School of Medicine Curent Editor, Arteriosclerosis, Official Journal of the Council on ATVB

My Lifelong Research involvement

Our studies were focused on inflammation and atherosclerosis. Inflammation is now implicated as the root cause of atherosclerosis and its fatal consequences, heart disease and stoke, the leading cause of death in industrialized nations and a rising scourge in third world countries.

Coronary Angiogram

Massive decreases of HDL, the so-called good cholesterol occur during inflammation

+
HDL

VLDL LDL
0 48 0 48 0 48 0 48
Hours post injection of croton oil to induce inflammation and the acute phase response
Cabana, V.G., Gewurz, H. & Siegel, J. (1982). Interaction of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) with the Rabbit Acute Phase Protein CRP, J Immunol 128:2342. Cabana, V.G. Gewurz, H. & Siegel, J. (1983). Inflammation-Induced Changes in Rabbit CRP and Plasma Lipoproteins, J Immunol 130:1736. Cabana, V.G., Siegel, J.N. and Sabesin, S. (1989). Effects of the Acute Phase Response Upon the Concentration and Density of Lipids and Apolipoproteins. J Lipid Research, 30:39.

Diet and atherogenesis in genetically modified mice

Fed diet containing safflower oil (unsaturated fatty acid) Fed diet containing milk fat (saturated fatty acid).

Reardon, C.A., Blachowicz, L., White, T., Cabana, V.G., Wang, Y., Lukens, J.R., Bluestone, J. and Getz, G.S., (2001). Effect of
Immune Deficiency on Lipopoproteins and Athersoclerosis in Male Apolipoproten EDeficient Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21:1011-1016

Trans fatty acids had the same effect

Examples of articles published in peer-reviewed international journals

1. Cabana, V.G., Lukens, J.R., Rice, K.S., Hawkins, T.J. and Getz, G.S (1996). HDL Content and Composition in Acute Phase Response in Three Species: Triglyceride Enrichment of HDL a Factor in its Decrease. J Lipid Research 37(12):2662-2674. 2. Cabana, V.G., Gidding, S.S., Getz, G.S, Chapman, J. and Shulman, S.T. (1997). Serum Amyloid A and High Density Lipoprotein Participate in the Acute Phase Response of Kawasaki Disease. Pediatric Research 42:651-655. 3. Cabana, V.G, Reardon, C.A., Wei, B., Lukens, J.R., and Getz, G.S. , (1999). SAA-only HDL Formed During the Acute Phase Response in ApoA-I-/- and ApoA-I+/+ Mice. J Lipid Research 40:1090-1103 4. Cabana, V.G., Reardon, C.A., Feng, N., Neath, S. X., Lukens, J., and Getz, G. S. Serum Paraoxonase: Effect of The Apoprotein Composition of HDL and The Acute Phase Response. Jour Lipid Research 2003 44: 780-792, electronic publication, January 16, 2003, 10.1194/jlr.M200432JLR200. 5. Cabana, V.G., Feng, N., Reardon, C.A., Lukens, J., Webb, N.R., De Beer, F.C., and Getz, G. S. (2004). Formation of SAA-containing particles in vivo and in vitro with or without the acute phase response and influence of apoA-I and apoE. Jour Lipid Research, 45:317-325. 6. Xu, X., Wu, D., Arnsdorf M., Johnson, J., Getz G.S., and Cabana, V.G. (2005). Chemical Colloids Versus Biological Colloids: A Comparative Study for the Elucidation of the Mechanism of Protein Fiber Formation. Biochemistry, 4:5381-538.

Examples of presentations at national and international conferences

1. Cabana, V.G., Siegel, J.N. & Sabesin, S.M. (1988). Changes in the Concentration and Density Distribution of Lipids and Apolipoproteins During the Acute Phase Response. Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Atherosclerosis, Rome, Italy. 2. Lewis, G.F., Cabana, V.G., Uffelman, K., Steiner, G., Polonsky, K.S. and Getz, G.S. (1994). Production of Small HDL Particles after Intravenous Heparin in Hypertriglyceridemic (HTg) Diabetic and Non-diabetic Individuals. Studies Before and after Gemfibrozil Therapy. Presented at the Xth International Symposium of Atherosclerosis, Montreal, Canada, October 9-14, 1994. Atherosclerosis 109 (1,2):224. 3. Cabana, V.G. and Getz, G.S. (1996). Acute Phase Response of ApoA-I Gene Knockout Mice. Presented at the Gordon Conferences on Serum Amyloid A, DoubleTree Hotel, Ventura, CA, February 2-4, 1996 4. Cabana, V.G., Reardon, C.A. and Getz, G.S. (1997). Production of Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-HDL Does Not Require the Presence of ApoA-I-HDL or Matured T and B Cells. Presented at the 11th Internation Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Paris, France, October 5-9, 1997. 5. Cabana, V.G., Reardon, C.A., Santamarina-Fojo, S., Lukens, J.R. and Getz, G.S. (1998). SAAHDL Interactions in Vivo and in Vitro. Presented at the 70th European Atherosclerosis Society Congress, Geneva, Switzerland, September 6-9, 1998. 6. Cabana, V.G. Reardon, C.A., De Beer, F.C. and Getz, G.S. (2001). Production of SAA-HDL in the Absence of the Acute Phase Response. Presented at the 2nd Annual Conference on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Arlington, VA May 2001Cabana, V.G. Reardon, C.A., De Beer, F.C. and Getz, G.S. (2001). Apoproteins, The Acute Phase Response (APR) and Paraoxonase (PON). Presented at the 2nd Annual Conference on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Arlington, VA May 2001. 7. Cabana, V.G. Olin, K., Reardon, C.A.,Feng, N., Chait, A. and Getz, G.S. (2001). SAA-only HDL: Formation with or Without the Acute Phase Response and Binding to Proteoglycans. Presented at the IXth International Symposium on Amyloidosis, Budapest, Hungary, July 2001.

Our Latest Data

% Total Lipoprotein Cholesterol

VLDL

LDL

HDL

% Total Lipoprotein Cholesterol

25 20 15 10 5

30 25 20 15 10

VLDL

LDL

HDL

C57BL/6 LIGHT-tg

LIGHT-tg/HVEM-/LIGHT-tg/LT R-/-

5
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 Fraction

0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 Fraction

LIGHT and Lymphotoxin Influence both Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis

Catherine A. Reardon, John Lukens, Sudarshana Sengupta, Alejandra Arce Indachea, Telma Lemos, Veneracion Cabana, Yang-Xin Fu, and Godfrey S. Getz, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637 Presented at the 10th Annual Meeting of the ATVB, San Francisco, CA, April 2010.

El Nido, Palawan

The Kitanglad Range view of MVC

Malingon Falls on the property of MVC, source of hydroelectric power

Rolling hills around MVC

Administration Building MVC

We are an intelligent, creative, resourceful, adaptable people. My big question is, why cant we compete globally?

Science in the Philippines

Fifty years after putting up an S&T agency

(Department of Science and Technology) and 30

years after a national science academy (NAST), the

Philippines has yet to find a scientific system that is

anything close to meeting its twenty-first century

needs. Flor Lacanilao, 2008

Flor Lacanilao, holds a Ph.D. in comparative endocrinology from the University of California at Berkeley, a retired professor of marine science, University of the Philippines Diliman. florlaca @ gmail.com

Measuring research performance by Flor Lacanilao, Ph.D.

No university from the Philippines made it in the top 100 in the Asia Pacific, or in the worlds top 500 as ranked by a leading Chinese university based on academic or research performance.

http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/
2008 RANK 2007 RANK INSTITUTION COUNTR Y OVERALL SCORE

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 19 25 26

1
2= 2= 2= 7= 5 9 7 10 11 17 25 18

Harvard University
Yale University University of Cambridge University of Oxford California Institute of Technology Imperial College London University College London University of Chicago Massachusetts Institute of Technology Columbia University University of Tokyo Kyoto University University of Hong Kong

US
US UK UK US UK UK US US US JAPAN JAPAN HK

100
99.8 99.5 98.9 98.6 98.4 98.1 98 96.7 96.3 90 87.4 87.1

39
42 44 50= 50

53
38 46 36 51

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Chinese University of Hong Kong Osaka University Peking University Seoul National University

HK
CHINA JAPAN CHINA KOREA

81.4
81 80.1 78.1 78.1

QS Top Universities, formerly known as Times Higher Rankings Rankings for Asian universities 2009:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 University of HONG KONG The CHINESE University of Hong Kong University of TOKYO HONG KONG University of Science and Technology KYOTO University OSAKA University KAIST Korea Advanced Institute of Science SEOUL National University TOKYO Institute of Technology National University of Singapore (NUS) PEKING University NAGOYA University TOHOKU University Nanyang Technological University (NTU) KYUSHU University TSINGHUA University Pohang University of Science and Technology CITY University of Hong Kong University of TSUKUBA HOKKAIDO University KEIO University National TAIWAN University KOBE University University of Science and Technology of China YONSEI University FUDAN University NANJING University HIROSHIMA University SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University Indian Institute of Technology Bombay MAHIDOL University Hong Kong Hong Kong Japan Hong Kong Japan Japan Korea, South Korea, South Japan Singapore China Japan Japan Singapore Japan China Korea, South Hong Kong Japan Japan Japan Taiwan Japan China Korea, South China China Japan China India Thailand

www.filination.com/.../top-asian-academic-universities-in-world-university-rankings-2009/

Probable Causes
1. Lack of field-specific professionals 2. Lack of investment in research 3. Improper research output 4. A culture of rewards not based on merit

5. Lack of moral fiber to do right for the sake of

being right

(W)hereas science alone cannot save the Philippines, the Philippines

without science cannot be saved.

Flor Lacanilao

(W)hereas research alone cannot save the Philippines, the Philippines

without research cannot be saved.

Progress Indicators

1. Lack of Field-Specific Professionals

PhD to population ratio:

Germany: has the highest science PhD to population

ratio 1 PhD to 3316 Germans.

Philippines: DOST says we just have 1374 in the

country.

If the Philippines has to play catch up then it needs 26,508 practicing science PhDs.
blackshama's blog, Friday, February 19, 2010, Science in the Philippine political arena

Country

Scientist/Population Ratio

Japan China Singapore USA Taiwan Indonesia Philippines

political arena.

1:180 1:180 1:183 1:216 1:223 1:248 1:7978

blackshama's blog, Friday, February 19, 2010, Science in the Philippine

2. Lack of Investment in R and D

R&D investments in some countries Percentage of GDP
5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Israel Sweden FINLAND Japan Korea Iceland USA Austria Germany Denmark Singapore OECD France Great Britain Norway China Ireland
Philippines = 0.12%

% GDP

08

Sources: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators and Statistics Finland

DM 36109, 36054 and 218475 01-2009 Copyright Tekes

Percent of GDP Spent for Research and Development 2006 data

Israel Sweden Japan Korea US Great Britain China Most others Malaysia Thailand Philippines 4.6 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.6 (private funding not included; high portion of
reseach funds for medical science research)

1.7 1.4 1.0 0.69 0.26 0.12

3. Improper Research Output

The Right and Wrong Way of Doing Research by Flor Lacanilao

The right (blue) and wrong (red) ways of doing research

Keynote address at the 27th Meeting of the Association of Systematic Biologists of the Philippines, National Museum, Manila, 29-30 May 2009 Reprinted in www.philippinestoday.net/mobile.php?v=1679

An Analysis
The widespread practice of wrong research in the country continues because authors get promotion, recognition, or even award for gray literature. You see them writing science columns in newspapers. Worse, you see them invited to speak in recognition and commencement programs. Surely we can easily use valid publications as a minimum requirement for such

functions. A simple change like this will guaranty a more

science-literate public and properly trained graduate students, which can be the future leaders of our academic and science institutions. blackshama's blog, Friday, February 19, 2010, Science in the
Philippine political arena

Reasons the top Asian Academic Universities in World University Rankings have grown in stature

These countries have Invested heavily in higher education in recent years, and this is reflected in the improved quality in their top institutions. Attempted to internationalize their universities by hiring more faculty from overseas this helps to improve their visibility globally. Stressed the importance of their professors publishing in international journals, which has no doubt increased the visibility of their research."

Philippine science: Time for a fresh start

Flor Lacanilao, retired professor of marine science,University of the Philippines, Quezon City florlaca@gmail.com
02 October 2008

Of the 27 Academicians and National Scientists in biology, only eight have each 3 or more publications in peer-reviewed international journals as sole or lead author. Four of the 16 Academicians and three of the 11 National

Scientists have each 0 such publication.

One National Scientist had 18, as sole or lead author, but

all published in the same journal.

Country Report: Physics in the Philippines, part 2 of 3 Monday, August 10, 2009 at 1:34am

Figure 4 shows the number of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) publications from the Philippines in all disciplines compared to its neighbors from 2002 to 2007. The number of ISI publications from the Philippines is almost similar to that of Indonesia and Vietnam while Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore are very far ahead. The research outputs from the Philippines are mainly in agriculture, followed far behind by publications on environment and in earth science.

Doing research for development 2009 SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department

by Prof. Flor Lacanilao florlaca@gmail.com

Figure 3. Publications of five ASEAN countries (A) and close up of the last three, Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam (B). Note that the Philippines was ahead of Indonesia and Vietnam from 1980, but was last in 2006. (Figures by courtesy of Katherine Bagarinao.)

An Appeal from my heart

ASCU-AAI, society of accreditors, I am addressing you with tears in my eyes and pain in my heart. Pray tell me, is our accrediting process adequate? If most of the HEI faculty are not doing research, will they be able to properly evaluate research departments? In this area, is the accreditation process in danger of being reduced to scoring scrapbooks of Missions and Visions and pages after pages of sanitized

reports and grade notebooks? What about an in-depth

analyses of the real and practical considerations of an institutions science curricula and research activities?

AN APPEAL... CONtD
Are your accreditors able to assess the safeguards that ensure that research activities are properly conducted, resulting data properly communicated, that data can stand the stringent scrutiny of an international peer-review

process, and that no unethical practices including but not

limited to manufacturing and/or falsification of data,

misrepresentations of research procedures and results, and

plagiarism creep into the research activities? It is our Christian duty to make sure it is so.

Proposed solutions
1. Hiring field-specific professionals

2. Investments for research, grant awards based on merit,

reviewers authorities in the field not just those in position of authority. 3. Building adquate infrastructure. 4. Publications based on data not opinion. 5. Developing collaborative studies institutionally, nationally and internationally.

Proposed solutions
6. Stingent peer-review as practiced globally.

7. Critical self-evaluation for the sake of progress, not just

for the sake of accreditation or awards or promotions.

8. Periodic assessement of research output.

9. Academic awards based on merit.

10. A moral fiber to do right for the sake of being right.

This is our Christian duty.

The Research Process

1. Idea-generating phase At first, just come up with as many ideas as you can. Use your curiosity, interests and enthusiasm to generate questions. Then start reading articles and books and talking with people who work in that area.

tHE rEsEArCH PrOCEss CONtD

2. Problem-definition phase The idea must then be clarified and refined. Examine research and learn how others have tested ideas like yours. From your reading and searching you will come up with a highly specific hypothesis or a more

general statement typical of exploratory research.

tHE rEsEArCH PrOCEss CONtD

3. Procedures-design phase Design and experimental procedure that will allow you to make measured observations. The research design must meet ethical guidelines. Determine the procedures that will be used to analyze the

data collected.

tHE rEsEArCH PrOCEss CONtD

4. Observation phase Actually do the research and collect the data making empirical observations 5. Data-analysis phase Analyze the data using appropriate statistical procedures and other tools of analyses.

tHE rEsEArCH PrOCEss CONtD

6. Interpretation phase How accurately do our theories predict new observations. Results may suggest ways to expand or modify the theory. 7. Communication phase Two major avenues for communication: written communication in books and journals and oral presentations.

Ecclesiastes 12:12 .