The letters in CPR stand for

cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a
combination of
rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation)
and chest compressions. If a person isn't
breathing
or circulating blood adequately, CPR can
restore
circulation of oxygen-rich blood to the
brain.
Without oxygen, permanent brain damage
or death
can occur in less than 8 minutes.
When performed quickly enough, CPR
can save lives in such emergencies as
loss of consciousness, heart attacks or
heart "arrests, electric shock,
drowning, excessive bleeding, drug
overdose, and other conditions in
which there is no breathing or no
pulse.
CPR is to bring oxygen to the victim's
lungs and to keep blood circulating so
oxygen gets to every part of the body.
When a person is deprived of oxygen,
permanent brain damage can begin in
as little as four minutes and death can
follow only minutes later.
 keep blood flowing throughout the body
 keep air flowing in and out of the lungs
 AIRWAY - Open
the airway with the
tilt-chin method.
 Breath - give two
breaths.
 Check circulation.
 Compressions :
ventilations = 30:2
 Turn the victim on his or her back, supporting
the neck while you turn them over.
 Tilt the head backward from underneath the
chin (Head tilt-Chin lift) to make sure the
tongue is not blocking the airway.
 Open the mouth and remove any vomit, loose
dentures or foreign material. If there is still a
blockage, perform the modified Heimlich
maneuver for unconscious patients.
 A (Airway)
 ensure open
airway

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Open the airway using a head
tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the
head too far back

Check the pulse on

carotid artery using
fingers of the other hand

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 B (Breathing)
 
Tilt the head back
and listen for
breathing. If not
breathing normally,
pinch nose and
cover the mouth with
yours and blow until
you see the chest
rise.

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10
 C. Circulation
Restore the circulation, that is
start external cardiac massage

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Same procedure as for adults, except:
 Support the infants head

– slightly tilted back

 Normal-sized breaths for children

- smaller puffs for infants.

 Child’s Age Part of Hand Number of
Compressions
Infant (1 Year) Tips of index and  At least 100 per minute 
middle fingers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Breath. 
(Breath interposed after 
5th compression)
Child Heel of one hand At least 100 per minute 
1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Breath. 
(1-8 years) (Breath interposed after 
5th compression
 a

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 all cases accompanied
with hypoxia

Primary lesion of cardiac muscle leading to the

progressive decline of contractility, conductivity
disorders, mechanical factors
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Cardiac Extracardiac
Ischemic heart disease  airway obstruction
(myocardial infarction)
Arrhythmias of different  acute respiratory failure
origin and character shock
Electrolytic disorders
reflector cardiac arrest
Valvular disease
Cardiac tamponade embolisms of different 
origin
Pulmonary artery 
thromboembolism drug overdose
Ruptured aneurysm of  electrocution
aorta
poisoning
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 arrest

Loss of time !!!

Symptoms of cardiac
arrest
✓  absence of pulse on carotid arteries – a

pathognomonic symptom
✓  respiration arrest – may be in 30 seconds after
cardiac arrest 
✓  enlargement of pupils – may be in 90 seconds after
cardiac arrest
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22
❒  Check responsiveness
❒ Call for help
❒ Correctly place the victim and ensure the
open airway
❒ Check the presence of spontaneous
respiration
❒ Check pulse
❒ Start external cardiac massage and artificial
ventilation

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Use the weight of your upper body to
aid in compressions so that your arms
don't get tired.
Switch off with another rescuer to save
energy for both of you.
If breaths do not go in, re-tilt the head
and try again. If breaths still do not go
in, the airway may be obstructed (see
"How to Clear an Obstructed Airway").
If you suspect a spinal injury (see "How
to Rule out a Spinal Cord Injury"), do
not tilt the chin to open the airway.
If the person has a severe injury to the
mouth, then give breaths through the nose
while keeping the injured person's mouth
sealed shut.
If the injured person vomits, turn the person
onto his or her side and wipe out the mouth.
Return the person to the supine position and
continue rescue breathing.
This information is not intended as a
substitute for professional medical advice or
treatment