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Digital Electronics

Principles & Applications


Seventh Edition

Roger L. Tokheim
Chapter 9

Shift Registers

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION
Overview of Shift Registers Characteristics of Shift Registers Serial/Parallel Data Conversion Serial Load Shift Register

Parallel Load Shift Register


Recirculating Shift Register Using the 74194 Shift Register IC Digital Roulette Game Troubleshooting Hints
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Overview of Shift Registers


A shift register is a sequential logic device made up of flip-flops that allows parallel or serial loading and serial or parallel outputs as well as shifting bit by bit.

Common tasks of shift registers: Serial/parallel data conversion UART (an example) Time delay Ring counter Twisted-ring counter or Johnson counter Memory device
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Characteristics of Shift Registers


Number of bits (4-bit, 8-bit, etc.)

Loading Serial Parallel (asynchronous or synchronous)


Common modes of operation. Parallel load Shift right-serial load Shift left-serial load Hold Clear Recirculating or non-recirculating
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Serial/Parallel Data Conversion


Shift registers can be used to convert from serialto-parallel or the reverse from parallel-to-serial.

Parallel out Parallel out

Serial in

10 01 10 01 11 11 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Parallel in

Serial out Serial out

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QUIZ
Q#1This represents a ___ register. Q#2This represents a ___ register. Q#3This represents a ___ register. Q#4- This represents a ___ register. a. Parallel-in, parallel-out a. Parallel-in, parallel-out a. Parallel-in, serial a. Parallel-in, serialout out b. Serial-in, parallel-out b. Serial-in, serial-out b. parallel-out b. Serial-in, Parallel-in, parallel-out
ANS: serial-in parallel-out ANS: serial-in serial-out ANS: parallel-in serial-out ANS: parallel-in parallel-out

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Serial Load Shift Register


1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Inputs here: Clock input: (1) Data Clock Pulse 2 3 4 6 7 Positive-edge Clock Pulse 1 5 8 (2) Clock Clear input: triggering (3) Clear Active = 0 =1 0 Clear Deactivated = 1
Data = =0 1 Data

Parallel outputs here. Order= A B C D

4-bit serial-in parallel out shift right shift register

Note the use of D FFs. Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel. Clear (CLR) inputs can be activated with LOW or disabled with HIGH. Preset (PS) inputs deactivated.

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

QUIZ
QUESTION #7 #2 #3 #4 #6 #5 QUESTION #1 What is the 4-bit output (bit A on left, D on right) after pulse 6? 1? 2? 3? 5? 4? This is a ___ type shift register. A. Serial-in, parallel out A: Serial-in, parallel-out A: 0100 1000 1100 0000 A: 0010 1001 B. Parallel-in, serial-out

Data Data = =1 1 0 0 Data Data = 1 Clock ClockPulse Pulse Pulse 2 4 3 Clock Clock Pulse 6 5 1 Clear Clear Clear = = =1 1 1 1 Clear 0

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Parallel Load Shift Register


Outputs here. Order= A B C D

Parallel data inputs (Active LOW)

Clock input- H-to-L

Clear input- Active LOW

Recirculating lines: Pass data from Note the FFD to FFA recirculating on each lines. clock pulse.

Note the use of J-K FFs. Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel. Clear (CLR) input activated with LOW. Parallel load inputs (A,B,C,D) are active LOW.
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Recirculating Shift Register


11 0 00 10 1
Parallel Parallel data data inputs= inputs= only C& all D D B inactive activated activated active

Clock pulse pulse 87 1 2 3 5 6 Clock 4

Clear input= input= 10 1 Clear

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QUIZ
Q#1After clock pulse 1, the output from the shift register Q#2After clock pulse 2, the output from the shift register Q#3After clock pulse 3, the output from the shift register Q#4After clock pulse 4, the output from the shift register will Q#5be ___. After clock pulse 5, the output from the shift register will Q#6be ___. After clock pulse 6, the output from the shift register will be ___. will be ___. will willbe be___. ___.

00 10 11 0 1 1 0 0 1 00 00 10 1 0 1 1 0 0
Parallel data inputs= Bnone and C active active

Clock pulse 6 1 2 3 4 5 Clear input= 1 0

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Universal Shift Register IC


Outputs here

Clear input Serial data Rightactive input LOW used during Serial Load Right mode ofdata operation Parallel inputs
Order: A, B, C, D Serial Left input during data Parallel loading used during Serial Load Left mode of operation Clock input Mode Controls: L-to-H triggering Hold Parallel load Shift right Shift left 74194 Universal 4-bit Shift Register IC. Modes of operation: Hold, Parallel load, Shift right & Shift left. An active LOW Clear (CLR) input overrides all others.
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using the 74194 Shift Register IC


1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
CLR = 1 0 Serial R = X 0 Parallel Load= 010 10 Serial L = 0 X 1 Clock pulse 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (L-to-H) S0= 0 1 S1= 1 0

X = Irrelevant

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

QUIZ
QUESTION QUESTION#3 #1 #2 #5 #6 #7 QUESTION #4- What is the mode of operation during and the output of the The What What 74194 is isthe the IC mode mode could of of be operation operation described during during as a 4-bit and andthe the (shift output output right, of of universal) the the shift register after pulse 3? shift shiftregister register. registerafter afterpulse pulse2? 1? 4? 5? 6?

A: Universal A: A: A: Parallel A: A: Shift Shift Clear, Hold, right, left, load, 00 00 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

? ? ? ?
0 CLR = 1 X Serial R = 0

Parallel Load= 0100


Serial L = X 1 1 2 4 Clock pulse 6 3 5 (L-to-H) 1 S0= 0 0 S1= 1
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Digital Roulette Game


Audio Amplifier

0 1 0 Spin Wheel +5V input


Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Power-up Initializing Circuit

1 0

1 0 1 0

0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0

8-bit Ring Counter (shift register)

Simulated Roulette Display

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

QUIZ
Q#1The block at A in the digital roulette game Q#2Q#3- The Theblock blockat atB Cin inthe thedigital digitalroulette roulettegame game contains a(n) ___ circuit. contains containsa(n) a(n)___ ___circuit. circuit which is a type of 8-bit shift register. ANS: voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) ANS: audio ANS: ringamplifier counter

C
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Simple Troubleshooting Hints


Feel top of IC to determine if it is hot

Look for broken connections, signs of excessive heat Smell for overheating
Check power source

Trace path of logic through circuit


Know the normal operation of the circuit
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

QUIZ
1. The most important factor in successful troubleshooting is a good knowledge of the circuits normal operation. (True or False) 2. The first three steps in troubleshooting are to use your senses to (1) __________ the top of the ICs for overheating, (2) look for broken connections, and (3) smell for signs of overheating. 3. The fourth step in troubleshooting is to use a(n) __________ (logic probe, tachometer) to check the power sources to the IC. 4. The fifth step in troubleshooting is to trace the path of logic through the circuit. (True or False)

True
feel

logic probe

True

2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

REVIEW
Overview of Shift Registers Characteristics of Shift Registers Serial/Parallel Data Conversion Serial Load Shift Register

Parallel Load Shift Register


Recirculating Shift Register Using the 74194 Shift Register IC Digital Roulette Game Troubleshooting Hints
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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