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MODULE 6
PREPLANNING
Dimensioning Requirements and strategy for coverage, capacity and quality PER SERVICE Network configuration Configuration Planning Node- B Configuration Antenna line configuration Power budget PER SERVICE Site selection and planning Site acquisition Pre- launch optimisation Measurements
DETAILED PLANNING
Coverage and Capacity Planning Propagation measurements Coverage prediction Load estimation Traffic distribution Planned Service and QoS definition Parameter Planning Area/cell specific Handover strategies Other RRM
POSTPLANNING
Post- launch optimisation Measurement surveys Statistical performance analysis Quality Efficiency Availability
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Module Contents
Power budget calculation Power budget balance
2006 Nokia
Module Contents
Power budget calculation Power budget balance
2006 Nokia
Power budget
The target of the power budget calculation is to estimate the maximum allowed path loss on radio path from transmit antenna to receive antenna
The minimum Eb/N0 (and BER/BLER) requirement is achieved with the maximum allowed path loss and transmit power both in UL & DL
Lpmax_UL
Lpmax_DL
R
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The calculation is done for each service (bit rate) separately The power budget can be used the estimate link balance (UL vs. DL)
Limiting direction in defined conditions
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
2006 Nokia
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
should not exceed 70% should be at least 30% to avoid excessive cell breathing typically higher in DL than in UL
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RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
Theoretical background noise density Depends on temperature Thermal Noise density [dBm/Hz] is defined as:
in normal +20 C0 conditions the thermal noise density is -173.98 dBm/Hz Receiver Noise Figure:
Receiver performance measure; how much receiver decreases the signal C/I Requirement from specifications for BTS and MS performance
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RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
Receiver noise density is the sum of the thermal noise density and the receiver noise figure. Thermal Noise density [dBm/Hz] + Receiver noise figure [dB] = Receiver Noise Density [dBm/Hz] In order to calculate the thermal Noise power of the receiver (the receiver noise floor without external interference) the receiver noise power is calculated at the WCDMA carrier bandwidth.
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Required Eb/N0
When Eb/N0 is selected, it has to be known in which conditions it is defined (select closest Eb/N0 value to the prevailing conditions if available)
Service and bearer
Bit rate, BER requirement, channel coding
Radio channel
Doppler spread (Mobile speed, frequency) Multipath, delay spread
Receiver/connection configuration
Handover situation Fast power control status Diversity configuration (antenna diversity, 2-port, 4-port)
Some corrections have to be done in the power budget in case the conditions do not correspond the used Eb/N0
Soft handover MDC gain Power control gain Fast fading margin
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The graph includes both Softer and Soft Handover (however it is not possible to see those gains separately)
Soft Handover combining is done at RNC level by using just selection combining (based on frame selection)
Softer Handover combining is done at the BTS by using maximal ratio combining
In case of more than 2 connections - no more gain (compared to case of two branches)
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Difference between the SHO links (dB) MS speed 3km/h MS speed 20km/h MS speed 50km/h MS speed 120km/h
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average is calculated over all the connections taking into account the average difference of the received signal branches (and UE speed)
40% of the connections in soft handover or in softer handover and 60% no soft handover taking into account the effect multiple transmitters combination of dynamic simulator results and static planning tool
in case more than 2 connections - no more gain (compared to case of two branches)
In edge of the cell a 3 4 dB MDC gain can be seen on required DL Eb/N0 in SHO situations compared to single link reception
Combination of 2 3 signals
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1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 5 10
Soft HO
Softer HO
Difference between the SHO links (dB) MS speed 3km/h MS speed 20km/h MS speed 50km/h MS speed 120km/h
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Interference Margin
Interference margin is calculated from the UL/DL loading () values
From set maximum planned load
"sensitivity" is decreased due to the network load (subscribers in the network) & in UL indicates the loss in Power budget due to load.
IMargin [dB] 20
IMargin = 10 Log10 1
dB
10 6 3 1.25 25%
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50%
75%
99%
Load factor
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
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Cable loss
Cable loss is the sum of all signal losses caused by the antenna line outside the base station cabinet
Jumper losses
Feeder cable loss MHA insertion loss in DL when MHA is used
Typical 0.5 dB
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vs.
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RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
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Soft handover gain is the gain against shadow fading. This is roughly the gain of a handover algorithm, in which the best BTS can always be chosen (based on minimal transmission power of MS) against a hard handover algorithm based on geometrical distance.
In reality the SHO gain is a function of required coverage probability and the standard deviation of the signal for the environment. The gain is also dependent on whether the user is outdoors, where the likelihood of multiple servers is high, or indoors where the radio channel tends to be dominated by a much smaller number of serving cells.
For indoors users the recommendation is to use smaller SHO gain value
Soft handover gain can be understood also as reduction of Slow Fading Margin (See Cell range estimation)
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RNC
In DL fast fading margin is not usually applied due to lower power control dynamic range
Fast fading margin = (average received Eb/N0) without fast PC - (average received Eb/N0) with
fast PC
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dBm
10 0 -10 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 15 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Mobile transmission power starts hitting its maximum value Received quality degrades, more frame errors Eb/N0 target increases fast
dB
10 5
0.5
1.5
2 Seconds
2.5
3.5
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RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
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Actual available DL power depends on maximum total BTS TX power, DL traffic amount and distribution over the cell (All users share same amplifier) Example values with 2 W (33 dBm) CPICH power and default Nokia RNC parameters Service Type Downlink bit rate Maximum transmit power per connection
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RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
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Module Contents
Power budget calculation Power budget balance
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Power budget can be used to see the power budget balance, whether UL or DL is limiting the cell range
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
With low traffic level UL is usually limiting du to higher DL power per connection UL limited power budget
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Link budget Chip rate 3840.00 UL Data rate 12.20 UL Load 5% 4 Voice 12.2 kbit/s, 3 km/h, Macro DL data rate DL load 12.20 10%
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 3.0 7.0 dB -17.6 -11.1 dBm -122.7 -111.2 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -142.7 -110.2 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 160.7 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 159.6 DL Limited!
RECEIVING END Thermal Noise Density Receiver Noise Figure Receiver Noise Density Noise Power at receiver [NoW] Reguired Eb/No Soft handover MDC gain Processing gain Interference margin Required Ec/Io at receiver Receiver Sensitivity Cable loss Benefit of using MHA Body loss Antenna gain RX Soft handover gain Fast fading margin Isotropic power TRANSMITTING END Power per connection Cable loss Body loss Antenna gain TX Peak EIRP Isotropic path loss
Uplink Downlink BS MS dBm/Hz -174.0 -174.0 dB 3.0 8.0 dBm/Hz -171.0 -166.0 dBm -105.1 -100.1 dB 4.4 7.9 dB 0.0 1.0 dB 25.0 25.0 dB 0.2 0.5 dB -20.4 -17.6 dBm -125.5 -117.8 dB 3.0 0.0 dB 3.0 n/a dB n/a 3.0 dBi 18.0 0.0 dB 2.0 2.0 dB 0.0 0.0 dBm -145.5 -116.8 MS dBm dB dB dBi dBm dB 21.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 18.0 163.5 BS 34.4 3.0 n/a 18.0 49.4 166.2 UL limited!
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Service
Voice 12.2 kbit/s, 3 km/h, Macro Voice 12.2 kbit/s, 120 km/h, Macro NRT 64 kbit/s, 3 km/h, Macro NRT 64 kbit/s, 120 km/h, Macro NRT 64/128 kbit/s 3 km/h, Macro NRT 64/128 kbit/s 120 km/h, Macro NRT 64/384 kbit/s, 3 km/h, Macro NRT 64/384 kbit/s, 120 km/h, Macro
UL PathLoss DL PathLoss 158.9 158.9 159.7 159.4 157.1 160.6 158.0 161.1 157.1 158.7 158.0 159.2 157.1 153.8 158.0 154.3
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