Nursing 292

Review Trivia Game

Rules
O The class is divided into 2 teams O A coin toss will determine which team gets to answer O O O

the first question. The facilitator will ask the class a question The teams will both be given an opportunity to discuss for up to 30 seconds before answering. One person will answer for the group. If correct, the team earns 1 point. If not, the other team has an opportunity to steal the point by answering the question correctly. If they are also unable to give a correct answer, nobody earns the point. The second team then gets their own question to answer. Questions will be alternated in this manner until the time has expired or all questions have been answered. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.

O Define ethnocentrism.
O Belief that your own way of life is superior

to other ways of life. Can be conscious or unconscious.

O What is the social learning

theory?
O To change behavior, utilize effective role

models who are perceived to be rewarded, and work with the social situation and the learners internal selfregulating mechanisms

O What is the psychodynamic

theory?
O To change behavior, work to make

unconscious motivations conscious, build ego-strength, and resolve emotional conflicts

O Name three non-traditional

teaching methods.
O Gaming
O Simulation O Role-Playing

O Role-Modeling
O Self-Instruction Activities O Computer-Assisted Instruction

O Distance Learning

O Who is the primary

audience for an evaluation?

O The person or group requesting the

evaluation.

O What effect does anxiety have

on learning?
O Best time for teaching is during moderate

anxiety. Too high or low is a poor teaching time.

O What are the 5 types of

evaluations in the RSA Model?

O Process
O Content O Outcome O Impact O Total Program

O What are the four types of

readiness to learn?
P = Physical readiness
E = Emotional readiness E = Experiential readiness K = Knowledge readiness

O What is the difference between

an evaluation and an assessment?

O Assessment: a process to gather,

summarize, interpret, and use data to decide a direction for action. O Evaluation: a process to gather, summarize, interpret, and use data to determine the extent to which an action was successful.

O What are four of Gardners 8

types of intelligence?
O Linguistic, spatial, bodily kinesthetic,

interpersonal, musical, logicalmathematical, intrapersonal.

O What is the difference between

developmental age and chronological age?

O Chronological age is the persons actual age.

It is not a good predictor of learning ability. Developmental age refers to the persons level of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. At any given age, there can be a wide variation in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial variables. Developmental stage acknowledges that human growth and development are sequential, but not always specifically age-related.

O Define learning.
O a change in behavior (knowledge, skills,

and attitudes) that can occur at any time or in any place as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli

O What are four reasons for levels

of low literacy in this country?

O A rise in the number of immigrants
O The aging of our population O The increasing complexity of information O The added number of people living in poverty O Changes in policies and funding for public

education O Disparity of opportunity between minority versus non-minority populations

O What is Pavlovian conditioning?

O Learning occurs as the organism

responds to stimulus conditions and forms associations. A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response connection until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

O What are the five main ethical

principles we are concerned about in nursing?

O Autonomy, veracity, nonmalefeacance,

confidentiality, beneficence.

O What are the two gender

differences in brain structure?

O Women have more neurons in the

temporal lob, responsible for understanding language, melodies, and speech tone and a larger corpus callosum, which yields greater communication between the two hemispheres.

O What agency defines the

nurses scope of practice to teach?

O State Nurse Practice Acts- universally

includes teaching within the scope of nursing practice (legally mandated- all states identify education as a legal duty & responsibility of a nurse)

O What are two differences between

evaluation and evaluation research?

Evaluation Audience specific to single person, group, institution, or location Evaluation Research Audience generic

Conducted to make decisions in specific setting Focused on needs of primary audience

Time constrained by urgency of decisions to be made

Conducted to generate new knowledge and/or expand existing knowledge Focused on sample representativeness, generalizability of findings
Time constrained by study funding

O What are the differences

between barriers and obstacles to education?

O Barriers to education are those factors

impeding the nurses ability to optimally deliver educational services. Obstacles to learning are those factors that negatively impact on the learners ability to attend to and process information.

O Compare/contrast the education

process with the nursing process.

Nursing Process Education Process Appraise physical and Assess learning needs, psychosocial needs of client readiness, and learning style Care plan based on mutual goals setting to meet individual needs Nursing care interventions using standard procedures Determine physical and psychosocial outcomes Teaching plan based on behavioral outcomes to meet behavioral needs Teaching using instructional methods and tools Determine behavior changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills

O What is a motivational

axiom? Name 2.
O Motivational axioms are rules that set the

stage for motivation

1. Moderate anxiety is optimum for learning 2. Learner readiness 3. Setting realistic goals 4. Learner satisfaction/success 5. Uncertainty reduction or maintenance

O Define functional illiteracy,

illiteracy, and low literacy.

O Functional Illiteracy: the inability of adults to

read, write, and comprehend information below the 5th-grade level of difficulty in order to use information as it is intended for effective functioning in todays society. O Illiteracy: the total inability of adults to read, write, and comprehend information O Low Literacy: the ability of adults to read, write, and comprehend information between the 5th- to 8th-grade level of difficulty. Also synonymous with the terms marginally literate or marginally illiterate.

O Define motivation to learn.

O Motivation to learn is a willingness on the

part of the learner to embrace learning, with readiness to learn as evidence of motivation.

O What are the 6 cultural

phenomena?
O Communication O Personal space O Social organization

O Time
O Environmental control O Biological variations

O What are the goals of nurses as

educators?
O to increase the competence and

confidence of patients to manage their own self-care and of staff to deliver highquality care

O What is the difference between

deontological and teleological ethical decision making?

O Deontological-respect for individual rights.

Teleological-greatest good for the greatest number.

O What are five signs of illiteracy we can

assess for?
O

O
O O O

O O O
O O O O O

reacting to complex learning situations by withdrawal or avoidance using the excuse of being too busy, not interested, too tired, or not feeling well enough to read instructional materials claiming they lost, forgot, or broke their glasses surrounding themselves with books, magazines, and newspapers to give the impression that they are able to read insisting on reading the information at home or with a spouse or friend present asking someone to read information for them becoming nervous when asked to read acting confused or talking out of context about the topic of conversation showing signs of frustration when attempting to read having difficulty following directions listening and watching attentively to try to memorize information failing to ask questions revealing a discrepancy between what they hear and what is written

O How is malpractice different from

negligence?
O Negligence: the doing or nondoing of an act,

pursuant to a duty, that a reasonable person in the same circumstances would or would not do, with these actions or nonactions leading to injury of another person or his/her property. Malpractice: refers to a limited class of negligent activities that fall within the scope of performance by those pursuing a particular profession involving highly skilled and technical services.

O What are the five perspectives

of cognitive theory?
O Gestalt Perspective, Information-

Processing Perspective, Cognitive Development Perspective, Social Constructivist Perspective, Social Cognition Perspective

O Name 2 reasons why we

involve family in patient education.

O Family is the most important variable

influencing patient outcomes. O JCAHO accreditation standards warrant family participation. O It is important to choose the most appropriate caregiver to receive information. Depending on developmental stage, the patient may not be able to understand information. O Culturally competent nursing requires us to consider the patients preferences regarding involving family in decision-making and care.

O What are four factors that can

facilitate, shape, or block motivation to learn?

O Cognitive variables: capacity to learn, ready to O

O
O O O

learn, self determined, constructive attitude Affective variables: expressed constructive emotional state Physiological variables: capacity to perform required behavior Experiential variables: previous successes Environmental variables: appropriate environment, strong support Educatorlearner relationship system: predicts positive relationship

O What two factors do most

readability formulas look at?

O Formulas evaluate readability levels

using the average length of sentences and the number of multisyllabic words in a passage.

O Name 4 teaching strategies aimed at

increasing motivation and compliance in low literacy groups.

O Establish a trusting relationship. O Use the smallest amount of information to achieve O O O O O O

behavioral objectives. Make points of information vivid and explicit. Teach one step at a time. Give learners the chance to restate information in their own words and to demonstrate procedures. Keep motivation high by using praise and rewards. Build in coordination of information and procedures by using techniques of tailoring and cuing. Use repetition to reinforce information.

O Name 3 modes of communication

that Deaf clients rely on?

O American Sign Language (ASL)- most common
O lip reading- most common along with ASL O written materials- most reliable way to communicate
critical information

O verbalization by client-

listen without interruptions

O sound augmentation- hearing aides, stethoscope in reverse O telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD)
television decoders for closed caption

O What is the poverty circle?

O Low education level results in occupations

with lower levels of pay, prestige, and intellectual demand; families living at this level become part of the cycle that does not allow one to easily change a pattern of life.

O What are two categories of

disabilities?
O Developmental or acquired. Also will

accept cognitive, physical, or sensory OR physical and mental.

O What are two types of eye

diseases result in blindness or loss of peripheral vision?

O macular degenerationO CataractsO Glaucomadecrease central vision hazy vision overall loss of peripheral vision produces blinding areas

O diabetic retinopathy-

O What are the characteristics of

goals and objectives?

Goals global broad long-term multidimensional Objectives specific singular short-term unidimensional

O Describe three different types of

communication disorders that involve speech and at least one teaching strategy for each.
O Dysarthria & Expressive aphasia O Allow person time to respond. O Ask questions that need only short replies O Use alternative methods of communication. O Do not simplify message because the clients

comprehension is not affected.

O Receptive aphasia O Speak slowly using a normal tone and short

sentences. O Have only one person speak at a time. O Stand where the client can see your face Check to be sure each message is understood

O What are two purposes of

writing clear and concise behavioral objectives?

O Provides basis for selection and design of

instructional content, methods, and materials. O Provides learner with means to organize efforts toward accomplishing objectives. O Allows for determination as to the extent that objectives have been accomplished.

O What 4 items should be included

in a well-written behavioral objective?

1. Performancedescribes what the learner is expected to be able to do

2. Conditiondescribes the situation under which behavior will be observed

3. Criteriondescribes how well or with what accuracy the learner must be able to perform 4. Learner- describes who is being taught

O What are five guidelines for printed materials?

O Accurate, up-to-date content O Logical organization of contentneed to know priorities O Discuss what, how, when succinctly, and Follow the KISS O O O O O O O O O

rule. Avoid medical jargon. Define in lay terms. Write two to four grades below average grade level completed by target audience. Use adequate spacing. Keep words and sentences short. Use conversational style. Use active voice. *Consider: Use second person you. Nature of the audience Most important information goes first. Literacy level required Do not use all-capital letters. Linguistic variety available Use advance organizers. Brevity and clarity Emphasize key points with end review.

Layout and appearance Opportunity for repetition Concreteness and familiarity

O What five criteria would you use

to evaluate health information sites on the world wide web?

O Accuracy O Design

O Authors/Sponsors
O Currency O Authority

O Name 5 of the 7 points within

the e-Health Code of Ethics?

O Candor O Honesty O Quality O Informed Consent O Privacy O Professionalism O Responsible partnering

O Accountability

O Define instructional

materials.
O Resources and tools used as

vehicles to stimulate the learners senses

O What is the Digital divide?

O The gap between those individuals who

have access to information technology resources and those who do not

O Name three traditional

teaching methods.
O Lecture
O Group Discussion O One-to-One Instruction O Demonstration O Return Demonstration

O What is the first step in

planning an evaluation?
O Determine the focus of the evaluation.

O Name each of the 3 learning

domains and one teaching method most suited to each domain.

O Cognitive-Lecture, one-to-one instruction,

computer-assisted instruction O Affective-group discussion, role-playing, rolemodeling, simulation gaming, questioning O Psychomotor-demonstration, return demonstration, simulation, gaming, selfinstruction

O Describe two different

types of feedback.
O Intrinsic feedback- generated from

within self O Augmented feedback- provided by the teacher; share with learners an opinion or conveying a message through body language

O In what two cases would one

do a pilot test?
O In large scale, resource intensive or

expensive evaluations (outcomes, impact, and total program) to assess feasibility of conducting the full evaluation as planned. O Must conduct when a new instrument is used for data collection purposes to assess reliability, validity of instruments.

O What are operational

definitions?
O Definition of terms to be used within an

evaluation, completed before data collection begins. Specific to the study being conducted.
O Ex: For the purposes of this study, we will

define medication compliance as filling 100% of newly prescribed medications within 24 hours after hospital discharge.