Basic Competence

Indicators

ExerciseBACTERIA

Summary

By Dra. Tuti Sugiyarti

BASIC COMPETENCE
Describing the characteristics of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, and their role to life

INDICATORS
Explaning the what procariot is Describing various kinds of cells and Eubacteria colony Explaining the structure of Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Describing bacterias role to human life

MONERA KINGDOM

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Terdiri dari Terdiri dari

Metanogen

Halofil Ekstrim Hidup di Tempat yang sanitasinya tinggi

Termofil Ekstrim Bakteri Heterotrof Hidup di Tempat yang suhunya ekstrim panas Kebut energi dr cahaya Terdiri dari Bakteri patogen

Bakteri Autotrof

Dibedakan berdasarkan

Kebut akan O2 Terdiri dari

Bakteri parasit Bakteri saprofit

Bakteri fotoatrotof

Bakeri kemoautotrof

Bakteri aerob

Bakteri anaerob

ARCHAEBACTERIA (ARCHAEA) and EUBACTERIA (BACTERIA)

ARCHAEBACTERIA

1. -

METANOGEN Reduce CO2 CH4 (methane) anaerobic and chemosynthetic Habitat: mud, swamp, and places with minimum O2 Example: Ruminococcus albus

ARCHAEBACTERIA

2. HALOFILIK (Halofil Ekstrem)

Heterotrophic Habitat: places with high salt content Example: Halo bacterium

ARCHAEBACTERIA

3. TERMOASIDOFILIK (Termofil Ekstrem)

Live by Sulfur oxidation Habitat: places with high temperature and acid such as volcanic cavity, volcanic crater, and sulfured well Can live at 45 110 oC and acid degree (pH) 1-2 Example: Sulfolobus

EUBACTERIA (BACTERIA)

Basic Structure of Bacteria Cell

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

DNA Plasma membrane Peptidoglikan Dinding sel Outer membrane Capsule

Bacteria Shapes

a. Kokus (round); b. Basil (bar); c. Spirilum (Spiral)

Positive Gram Bacteria and Their Cell Structure

Peptidoglikan Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

Contoh: Bacillus subtilis

Negative Gram Bacteria and Their Cell Structure

Capsule Outer Membrane Peptidoglikan

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Contoh: Escherichia coli

Some Samples of Bacteria

Streptococcus lactis (cheese)

Salmonella (food toxin)

Camphylobacter jejuni (causes diary)

Mycoplasma (the smallest bacterial)

Thiomargarita (the biggest bacteria)

Escherichia coli

Vibrio cholerae

Clostridium tetani

Thiocystis sp.

Additional Structure on Bacteria Cell

Growing Endosperm

Flagella. a. Monotrik b. Lofotrik c. Amfitrik d. peritrik

Pilus

Endosperm

Binary Multiplication on Bacteria

Sel induk

Penggandaan materi genetik dan pelekukan dinding sel Pembentukan sekat dinding sel

Terbentuk sekat dinding (pemisahan menjadi dua sel baru)

Genetic Recombination on Bacteria

Sel bakteri
DNA bebas Bakteriofage Sel bakteri pertama Plasmid Sel bakteri kedua Pelepasan fage Rekombinasi DNA ke dalam kromosom Reinfeksi bakteri baru Kontak antara dua sel;kopi plasmid dipindahkan Dua sel yang Mengandung plasmid

Kromosom

DNA diambil oleh sel

Infeksi fage

Sel rekombinan

Sel rekombinan

Transformasi

Transduksi

Konjugasi

Cyanobacteria
-Mengandung sejenis klorofil a, juga fikosianin => hijau kebiruan -Habitat perairan, tanah, dan batu-batuan dengan pH netral -Dapat bersimbiosis, misal nostoc + alga => lichen (lumut kerak) -Mampu memfiksasi nitrogen => terjadi di bagian heterosista

Gloeocapsa Anabaena

Nostoc

THE ROLE OF BACTERIA

Advantageous Disadvantageous

ADVANTAGEOUS

Decomposer
Menghasilkan CO2 dan Amonia

Nitrification Bacteria
Menyusun senyawa nitrat dari amonia
Tahap I : 2NH3 + 3O2 => 2HNO2 + 2H2O + energi (nitritasi) Tahap II : HNO2 + O2 =>

Nitrogen Bacteria Coli Bacteria Fermentation Bacteria

DISADVANTAGEOUS
Bacteria which are harmful to human, plants and animals. On human: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TBC Salmonella thyphosa causes Typhoid fever Vibrio comma causes cholera On plants:
Psedomonas cattleyae cause disease on orchid P. solanacearum causes disease on banana tree

On animals:
Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax Mycobacterium bovis causes kuku dan mulut disease on cows

M. avium causes disease on poultry