Survei Konsumsi Makanan

Tujuan
Mengetahui kebiasaan makan dan gambaran tingkat kecukupan bahan makanan dan zat gizi pada tingkat kelompok, rumah tangga dan perorangan serta faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi makanan tersebut PSG secara tak langsung

Metode
Kualitatif
1. Food frequency 2. Dietary history dst

Kuantitatif

1. Recall 24 jam 2. Food records 3. Food weighing dst

Recall 24 jam

1. 2. 3. 4.

Kelebihan
Mudah Murah Cepat Cukup Akurat

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Kekurangan
Kurang representatif Recall bias Flat slope syndrom Petugas terlatih Tergantung musim

Recall 24 jam
Recall makanan 24 jam y.l. Pergunakan food model (bila mungkin) Pergunakan daftar bahan makanan penukar bila tak diketahui beratnya Konversikan data makanan ke dalam kandungan nutrien menggunakan Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan (DKBM) Bandingkan hasil recall dengan kebutuhan atau AKG

Formulir Recall 24 jam

Bahan Makanan Penukar

DKBM

Metode Penimbangan

Form Dietary History

FFQ methods

AKG

Laboratory Assessment

Laboratory Assessment
is used primarily to detect sub clinical deficiency states

is becoming increasingly important with the growing emphasis on preventive medicine

can be used to supplement other methods

often affected by biological and technical factors

Type :

Static biochemical test

Functional test

Prevalensi defisiensi mikronutrien

Static biochemical test

Measurement of a nutrient in biological fluids / tissues (e.g.) Blood : Fe, Pb Serum : protein, vitamins, minerals Bone marrow : Fe

Liver : vit A, Zn, etc,

Hair : Zn (chronic) Urine : iodium, water soluble vitamin, protein (reflect recent dietary intake)

Factors which may confound the interpretation of Static Biochemical Test

diurnal variation
homeostatis regulation (infection, physiological states) recent dietary intake (and drugs)

age, sex, hormonal status

haemolysis (serum/plasma) contamination sampling and collecting procedures sensitivity and specificity of the analytical method

Functional Test
Diagnostic test to determine the sufficiency of host nutriture to permit cells, tissues, organs, anatomical systems, or the host to perform optimally the intended, nutrient dependent biological function

abnormal metabolic product in blood or urine

changes in enzyme activities changes in immunology response :TLC, aktivitas macrophag etc.

in vivo responses : dark adaptation, taste function, capillary test

growth velocity, cognitive function etc

Indikator defisiensi besi

Serum Transferin reseptor

Homosistein sbg indikator defisiensi folat

Assessment of protein status

Somatic protein : urinary creatinine, 3-methyl histidine Visceral protein : total, albumin, globulin, transferin, RBP, TBPA. Metabolic changes : - Ratio NEAA : EAA (Marasmus < 2, Kwashiorkor > 3) - nitrogen balance Immunological test (cytokine, lymphocyte) Muscle function test : - muscle function after electrical stimulation

- hand grip strength