API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 534

Firetube HRSG: A shell-and-tube heat exchanger in which steam is generated on the shell side by heat transferred from hot fluid flowing through the tubes. Attemporator==Desuperheater. Pinch temperature=Heating medium temperature leaving the steam generator section - the steams saturation temperature

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

High-temperature heating mediums (exceeding 480C [900F]) Resulting in high boiling flux rates (in excess of) 94,600 W/m2 (30,000 Btu/hr-ft2). Typical steam side operating pressures range from as low as 1,050 kPa(g) (150 psig) for fluid catalytic cracker and sulfur plant applications to as high as 12,400 kPa(g) (1,800 psig) for ammonia and ethylene facilities

Gas temperatures exceeding 1090C (2000F) and flux rates to 315,500 W/m2 (100,000 Btu/hr-ft2) can be accommodated in firetube HRSGs

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Hot fluid temperatures not exceeding 480C (900F) with flux rates of 94,600 W/m2 (30,000 Btu/ hr-ft2) and below. Any hot fluid stream with a sufficient temperature above the steam saturation temperature can be utilized. Steam side operating pressures range from 350 kPa(g) (50 psig) 4,150 kPa(g) (600 psig).

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Maximum velocity limitations with respect to the erosive nature of particulate bearing streams. Process conditions:
Maximum allowable pressure drop Maximum heat flux

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

Fluid catalytic cracking slurry steam generators are generally designed for a velocity of 1.5 m/s 2.1 m/s (5 ft/sec 7 ft/sec) to avoid settling out the solids constituents.
For sulfur condensers, rho-v2 should not exceed 890 kg/msec2 (600 lb/ft-sec2) to prevent fogging of the gas stream. Rho-v2 is the product of the density of a fluid and the square of the velocity of the fluid. This represents the force the fluid flow is exerting on an area. It is commonly used in heat exchangers to determine if the fluid flow can exert sufficient force on the exchanger tubes to create tube vibration

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

As the design pinch temperature is reduced, the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) decreases and the surface area requirement increases. HRSGs with large pinch temperatures tend to use larger diameter or shorter tubes than those with small pinch temperatures. The typical pinch temperature range is 8C 14C (15F 25F).

Ananyo Sengupta

11/13/2013

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