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The

EGyPTian
ABC book
of Facts
By Julyan
Grant

   
Abu Simbel
The Abu Simbel was carved out of the
mountain during the time Pharaoh Ramesses
the II who reigned around 1300 BC. This
construction took about 24 years to build. The
Temple was dedicated to the Gods Amun Ra,
Ra Horakhty, Ptah, and Ramesses. The statue
to the left of the entrance was destroyed in
an earthquake. The main hall into the temple
has eight, 4 each side, statues which are ten
feet tall to hold up the ceiling. As you walk 
inside of the temple, the halls get thinner till
you reach the tomb.

   
Bent Pyramid
The Bent Pyramid is a pyramid that bends
upward at a 55 degree angle and then bends
inward 43 degrees until it makes a point. The
reason builders built the pyramid like that is
because when they built it straight up it was
not stable. They also built the pyramid like
that so it would not take to long because the
Pharaoh was close to death when it was
complete. Bent Pyramids were they earlier
form of pyramids before they went up at a
straight angle upward. This here is the
entrance to a bent
pyramid.

   
Cairo
(al­Qāhirah)
Cairo, also known as al-Qahirah is
the capital city of the country of
egypt. The ancient word of Cairo is
called Memphis. But the city of
Memphis was one of the largest,
and most important city at that
time. At Memphis’s best time they
had a population of 1000. Pharaohs
of the city at that time were fist
buried in low brick buildings.

   
Dynasty
Egypt had over 25 Dynasties ( ruling
families) over 2500 years. The first Egyptian
dynasty came from upper Egypt named
Menes. Menes conquered Memphis by
attacking the Nubians that were living there.
Menes (also known as Narmer) died at an
age of 50. Scientist found Information about
dynasties carved on monuments and other
objects to find the names of the Kings of the
Egypt. At the end of the 1st dynasty
Hotepsekhemwy was the first king of the
2nd dynasty and helped to strengthen the
Egyptian nation.

   
EGyPT
Ancient Egypt was a civilization that was
located in Africa surrounding the Nile. This
great civilization started at about 3150 BC.
The people of Ancient Egypt farmed crops
near the nile using yearly flood waters. Upper
(southern) Egypt had a mountainous region
from which the Nile flowed down the
mountains to the Mediterranean Sea that was
Known as Lower Egypt. Today Modern Egypt
has a lot of tourist attraction because of the
ancient monuments that came from the many
civilizations.

   
Food
The ancient Egyptians had many different
types of food. The egyptians were able to
eat fried fish, roast goose, and fresh
vegetables. They also ate fruits like figs,
dates, melons, pomegranates, and grapes.
Servants cooked for the rich, and people
mainly cooked outside. The rich drank wine
and the lower classes drank beer. People
ate bread, but their bread was very sweet
because they put honey, fruit and Herbs.
They stewed food in huge pots called
braziers with legs.

   
Gods
The Egyptians believed in more than 2000
gods and believed each one had a purpose in
their life. They said that the first god was
Atum and he coughed and spat out Shu, god
of air. Also Tefnut, god of moisture. Shu and
Tefnut had two kids named Geb, god of
Earth, and nut, god of sky. Nut and Geb had
four children named Osiris, Isis, Seth, and
Nemphthys. Osiris and Isis were king and
Queen of earth until Seth killed Osiris. Seth
became king until his son Horace battled
Seth and became king of the Earth, and
Osiris became king of the underworld. Amun
was the main god and became known as
Amun Ra after becoming the Sun God.

   
Hieroglyphic
Hieroglyphics was the ancient Egyptian form of
writing. The anciennt egyptians used Hieroglyphics to
record information about the Pharoh, government and
for their religion. Scribes in Egypt had about 750
symbols and letters to remember. Some of the
symbols stood for numbers and letters for the
alphabet. Also there were symbols that stood for a
whole word or meaning. Hieroglyphics can be written
up and down, left to right, or right to left. Some
Hieroglyphics are in the form of cartouche which were
used to form an oval plaque representing the birth
name of pharaohs, queens and other persons of high
standing.

   
Imsety
Imesty is the god who Guards the Liver of
the dead. Imestys’ parents were Isis and
Horus and his siblings were Hapy,
Qebehsenuef, and Duameuef. When a
Pharaoh died it was other Guards to
protect the organs of the mummy. But
Imesty’s job was to protect the liver of
the dead. Isises job was to protect
Imesty.                                                                      
               

   
Jewelr
y
Everybody in ancient Egypt wore jewelry
which meant that it did not matter what
class you were in. The ancient Egyptians
thought jewelry was not only for glamour but
for magical, spiritual powers and also for
protection. The rich wore gold and precious
stones such as lapis lazuli, amethyst,
cornelian, jasper, onyx, and quarts crystals.
In Egypt silver was valued more than gold
because silver was not always available. The
ancient Egyptians were the first to invent
fake Jewelry because they would use glass to
make a replicas of the original.

   
Kings of Egypt
The Kings of ancient Egypt (known as
Pharaohs) were called kings or gods by the
Egyptians. They got the name Pharaoh from
the Greeks. Today people do not know how
many kings ruled Egypt and it is not clear
of how many kings ruled at the same time.
This confusion was probably due to the
many wars fought over the centuries. Some
scientist Say that there were Kings who
ruled Egypt before recorded history and it
even before it became a civilization.

   
Life in Egypt
Life in ancient Egypt was short and
difficult. It was difficult for a new born
baby to survive past the age of 1. Boys
were separated from girls, and would do
farming if they were poor, but the rich
went to school. The boys schooling would
be from 5 to 16 years old. Girls lives
were centered more at home and at the
age of four they started to learn how to
keep a house in order; also to cook. Boys
would get married at 17-20, but girls
could get married at 8 or 9 years old.
Men could have more than one wife.
When women became old at 30 years
suns would take care of there mother.

   
Mummification
Mummification is a special burial tradition
that the ancient Egyptians treated the
royalty, noblemen and the rich to enter the
After Life. What they would do is take the
body to an embalming shop called a wabet,
and take out some of the bodies insides to
put into special jars called Canopies. After
they would put herbs and dust back into the
body, and wrap it up tight in bandages.
Wrapping up the body causes the it to stay
preserved for thousands of years. A Priest
would ware a mast of Anubis (god of the
Dead) to say prayers. Egyptians made special
coffins to put the mummy into a tomb.

   
Nile
The nile is the longest river on earth that
stretches more than 4000 miles. This river
made an important impact on the ancient
Egyptians by creating special flood
seasons for the Egyptians. The Giver of
Life the egyptians called it because the
Nile would help everything grow. People
cold sail up the river using the winds to
trade, but also use the current to go down
the river. But the Nile was not only good,
sometimes it would cause destruction of
homes, kill people and animals, and
destroy crops.

   
Osiris
Osiris was the god of the dead and he
Is usually seen with green skin because
he was also the god of vegetation. Like
the information on letter G, Seth killed
Osiris by locking him in a magic coffin
that descended him to the under world.
The coffin ran down the nile to a town
called Byblos were the coffin got
trapped in a tree and Isis found it and
brought it back home for safe keeping.
Then Seth, angry at Isis, chopped up
Osiris into small pieces and threw the
pieces into the Nile.

   
Pyramid
The Ancient Egyptians built burial tombs
places called pyramids. Unlike the earlier
bent pyramids this version of a pyramid
goes up in a straight angle. The biggest
pyramid was built by king Khufu at around
2560 BC. The most amazing thing about
the pyramids Is that they were created with
perfect angle, and some theories say that
they were created by aliens. This could
mean that the Egyptian religion came from
aliens and that their gods use humans as
slaves. Pyramids also had a Queens, kings
and other chambers in it.

   
Ramses II
King Ramses ruled Egypt for more than 67
years and during those years he was known as
a warrior/peace-maker. He became ruler around
20 years old and at around the age 90 he died.
He was the first king to sign a peace treaty with
his enemies the Hittites during the battle of
Kadesh which Ramses won. As ruler he created
luxury, more slavery, mercenaries, many
famous monuments, and had many wives with
over 200 children. His temple that he was
mummified at was in Thebes, and he is known
for all the temples /monuments that were
created in Egypt.

   
Sphinx
The Sphinx is a body of a lion that was carved
out of a plateau in Giza that represents a
head of a god or king, and they say it
symbolizes strength and wisdom. The Sphinx
is a mystery in Egypt and scientist know that
it once was painted, but over the years the
sand has totally covered the monument. Also
the shape of the sphinx has changed over the
years from a cannon ball that hit the
construction, and the change of terrain in
Giza. They say that king Khufu’s son Khafre
was probably the one to construct this
monument.

   
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun (King Tut) is the most
famous ancient Egyptian Pharaoh in
the world. When He was alive he
became pharaoh at the age of 9 and
died at 17or 18 from a mysterious
death. His father changed the
Egyptian faith to one god but King Tut
switch the religion back to the more
than one gods. What he is mainly
known for is that his tomb was the
only tomb not robbed in Egypt. Also
nobody had found his tomb until 1922.
When they discovered his tomb they
only wanted to find it for knowledge,
not for riches and money like the other
tombs that were discovered. That
means he has been hidden for more
than 3000 years.
   
Uraeus
Uraeus is an egyptian stylized upright cobra that
was a symbol of royalty, and divine authority in
ancient Egypt. Uraeus is actually a Greek word
meaning “She who rears up.” The Uraeus is said
to protect the Pharaohs by spitting fire on their
enemies, also the eyes of Re are the eyes of
Uraeus. An interesting fact is that Tutankhamen
was they only tomb that had him wearing an
Uraeus golden crown.

   
Valley of the kings
The Valley of the kings was a burial
valley for the Pharaohs which where
the kings of the new kingdom in
ancient Egypt. The exact location of
the Valley is between Cairo and
Thebes, but most of the royal tombs is
west, closer to Thebes. This Valley so
far has about 62 discovered tombs.
One tomb had over 120 chambers
from one of Rammesses II sons, but
was discovered in 1825.

   
This is a map of all
the discovered
Pharaohs

   
Wadjet
Wadjet was a goddess of Lower
Egypt, and was like the Uraeus
snake. That meant that she was
the goddess who protected the
Pharaoh. When Upper and lower
Egypt came together She met a
another Important Goddess
named Nekhbet. That made both
Goddesses Protectors of Egypt.
Wadjet may look like a woman
with two snake heads, But she can
be also seen as a snake with a
woman's head.

   

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