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m
initial
is the change in the mass of the system
during the process
Em
i
- Em
e
= (m
2
m
1
)
system
where
i = inlet, e = exit, 1 = initial state, 2 = final state
example
m
i
= 0 if no mass enters the control volume during the process
m
e
= 0 if no mass leaves the control volume during the process
m
1
= 0 if control volume is initially evacuated
b) Conservation of Energy Balances in unsteady flow system
the energy content of a control volume changes with times
during an unsteady flow process
general energy balances
E
in
E
out
= AE
system
(kJ)
Energy balances for a uniform flow system
where u = h + ke + pe (flowing fluid)
e = u + ke + pe (non-flowing fluid)
( ) ( ) ( )
system
e e out ut i i in in
e m e m m W Q m W Q
1 1 2 2
= + + + +
u u
o
When the kinetic and potential energy changes associated with
the control volume are negligible, the energy balance can simplified to
note that if no mass enters or leaves the control volume during a process
(m
i
=
m
e
= 0) and (m
1
= m
2
=m)
( ) ( ) ( )
system
e e out ut i i in in
u m u m h m W Q h m W Q
1 1 2 2
= + + + +
o
* unsteady flow system may involve boundary
work as well as electrical and shaft work *
Example 5.4.1
A 0.1 m
3
rigid tank initially contains refrigerant R134a at 1MPa and 100
percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that
carries refrigerant R134a at 1.2 MPa and 30C. Now the valve is opened
and the refrigerant is allowed to enter the tank. The valve is closed when
it is observed that the tank contains saturated liquid at 1.2 MPa.
Determine
a) the mass of the refrigerant that has entered the tank
b) the amount of heat transfer