Page 1

An Overview of cdma2000 Technology

Concepts
1
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Page 2
Contents
Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
cdma2000 Improvements
cdma2000 Concepts
cdma2000 Network Architecture





Page 3
Power
Frequency
Time
FDMA
Frequency
Power Time
TDMA
Frequency
CDMA
Power
Time
Cellular Access Methods
Page 4
US Cellular Channel 384
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Amplitude
AMPS
45 MHz
Forward Link
881.52 MHz 836.52 MHz
Reverse Link
CDMA
45 MHz
836.52 MHz 881.52 MHz
Reverse Link Forward Link
CDMA is Also Full Duplex
Page 5
CDMA Reuse FDMA Reuse
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
2
6
2
2
1
4
5
7
Cellular Frequency Reuse Patterns
Page 6
Interference Sources
Walsh Code
Spreading
Encoding
&
Interleavin
g
Walsh
Code
Correlator
Decode &
Deinterleavin
g
Baseband
Data
Baseban
d
Data
Background
Noise
External
Interference
Other Cell
Interference
Other User Noise
9.6
kbps
19.2
kbps
1228.8
kbps
1228.8
kbps
19.2
kbps
9.6
kbps
Transmitte
r
Receiver
1.25 MHz BW
f
c
1.25 MHz BW
f
c
10 kHz BW
0
10 kHz BW
0
1.25 MHz BW
f
c
1.25 MHz BW
f
c
f
c
-103 dBm/1.23 MHz
f
c
Spurious
Signals
The CDMA Concept
Page 7
IS-2000 Terms and Definitions
Chip
Is the period of a data bit at the final spreading
rate
SR - Spreading Rate
Defines the final spreading rate in terms of
1.2288 Mcps.
RC - Radio Configuration
Defines the physical channel configuration based
upon a base channel data rate.
RCs contain rates derived from their base rate.
For example, RC3 is based on 9.6 kbps and
includes 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, and 153.6 kbps.

Page 8

Received Signal
Time
Correlation = 1
Correlation = 0
Correlation = 0
Correlation = 0
What is Correlation ?
Is a Measure of How Well a
Given Signal Matches a
Desired Code
The Desired Code is
Compared to the Given
Signal at Various Test Times

Page 9
MTSO
Vocoder / Selector
Base Station 2 Base Station 1
Land Link
Spatial Diversity During Soft Handoff
Page 10
Combats Fading, Caused by Multipath
Fading Acts like Notch Filter to a Wide
Spectrum Signal
May Notch only Part of Signal
Amplitude
Frequency
1.25 MHz BW
CDMA Frequency Diversity
Page 11
Uses Rake Receiver

Data is Interleaved

Convolutional Encoding

Viterbi Decoding
CDMA Time Diversity
Page 12
Time
Frequenc
y
Amplitude
The Rake Receiver
Page 13
Power Control
Important in cdma
systems because of
frequency reuse of N=1
The goal is to maintain
equal received power at
the base station from
each mobile
Affects traffic channels
(not pilot signal)
Near-far effect: BS receiver captured
by nearby MS
Page 14
All Mobiles are Received at Base Station
at
Equal Power

Two Types of Control
Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control
CDMA Power Control (Reverse Link)
Page 15
Assumes Loss is Similar on Forward and
Reverse
Paths.

Receive Power+Transmit Power = -73
All powers in dBm

Example:
For a Received Power of -85 dBm (at the
mobile)
Transmit Power = (-73) - (-85)
Transmit Power = +12 dBm
Open Loop Power Control (Reverse Link)
Page 16
Directed by Base Station (for the Reverse
Link) and by Mobile (for the Forward Link)

Updated Every 1.25 msec

1 dB Step Size (also 0.25 and 0.5 dB)

Closed Loop Adds to Open Loop Power
Estimate on Reverse Link
Closed Loop Power Control (Forward &
Reverse)
Page 17
Walsh
Cover
I Short Code
Q Short Code
FIR
FIR
1.2288
Mbps
Walsh Code Generator
I
Q
1.2288
Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
Long Code
19.2
kbps
19.2
kbps
Vocoded Speech
data
20 msec blocks
Interleaver
Power Control
Puncturing
19.2
kbps
19.2
kbps
800 bps
800 bps
P.C.
MUX
9.6
kbps
19.2
kbps
3/4 rate
1/2 rate
14.4
kbps
19.2
kbps
Convolutional
Encoder
Long Code
Scrambling
Short Code Scrambler
Forward Link Traffic Channel
IS-95 Physical Layer
Page 18
Code Domain Power (IS-95)
User #3
Frequency Domain
User #2
User #1
Synch
Paging
Pilot
1.2288 MHz
freq
Code Domain
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 32 40 63
User
1
User
3
User
2
Walsh Code
Pilot Paging Synch
Page 19
Contents
Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
cdma2000 Improvements
cdma2000 Concepts
cdma2000 Network Architecture





Page 20
IS-2000 Improvements vs. IS-95
2X Voice Capacity
Reverse Link Pilot for Each Mobile
Fast Forward (new) and Reverse Link Power Control
QPSK Modulation
Improved Convolutional Channel Encoding for
14.4 kbps Voice Channels
Supports Auxiliary Pilots for Beam Forming
Forward Link Transmit Diversity - OTD, STS, Multi-
Antenna
cdma
2000
Page 21
cdmaOne to cdma2000 1xRTT
1xRTT Keeps same chip rate and carrier
bandwidth
Splits the data into I and Q
Keep existing IS-95-based channels for
backwards compatibility with IS-95 mobiles
IS-95B enhancements retained
Adds new radio configurations, adds new
FWD and REV channels
New optional control channels
New fundamental traffic channels
New supplemental traffic channels for
faster data
New turbo codes and spreading
techniques
Operators can deploy 1xRTT with no
additional spectrum and minor equipment
upgrading
IS-95B Today
Single Carrier 1.2288 MCPS
Sectors different short PNs
Mobiles different Long PNs
9600, 14400 rate sets
~35 max users/sector/carrier
Next: 1xRTT
Single Carrier 1.2288 MCPS
Sectors different short PNs
Mobiles different Long PNs
Backward compatible IS-95
Independent Short PN I & Q
~70 max users/sector/carrier
More rates, modes, channels
Better administration
Page 22
CDMA2000 to Achieve 3G Data Rates
New transmission modes offer faster data
rates
Voice and data to more than 144 kbps in
unrestricted general mobile use (1xRTT)
(up to 153.6 kbps per SCH in RC3)
Up to ~384 kbps packet or circuit data at
medium speeds (1xRTT gives 307 kbps
using 1 SCH and RC4)
Up to 2 Mbps data rates when fixed in
favorable locations (3xRTT exceeds
2Mbps)
1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV: 2.4 Mbps and
higher
IS-95A/J-Std008
IS-95B
1xRTT
3xRTT
Technology Data Capabilities
Up to 14.4 kbps using one traffic channel for supplemental data
Up to 115.2 kbps using 1 traffic channel and up to 7 supplemental
code channels supporting 14.4 kbps each
Up to 153.6 kbps (RC3) or 307.2 kbps (RC4) per SCH (one
deployed today); RC3 avail. today; Uses fundamental &
supplemental channels, advanced rate and QoS management
Up to 1.0386 Mbps (RC9) using fundamental channel for voice and
supplemental channel(s) for data; 2 Mbps using 2 SCH
SPEED LIMIT
14.4
kbps

TRUCKS
9.6
kbps
SPEED LIMIT
307
kbps

TRUCKS
153
Kbps

USE I & Q LANES
Page 23
cdmaOne cdma2000/IS-2000
The CDMA Technology Path to 3G
Technology
Generation
Signal
Bandwidth,
#Users
Features:
Incremental
Progress
1G
AMPS
Data
Capabilities
30 kHz.
1
First
System,
Capacity
&
Handoffs
None,
2.4K by
modem
2G
IS-95A/J-Std008
1250 kHz.
20-35
First cdma,
Capacity,
Quality
14.4K
2G
IS-95B
1250 kHz.
25-40
Improved
Access
Smarter
Handoffs
64K
2.5G or 3?
IS-2000:
1xRTT
1250 kHz.
50-80 voice
and data
Enhanced
Access
Channel
Structure
153K
307K
230K
3G
1xEV-DO/DV

1250 kHz.
Many packet
users
Faster data
rates on 1x
carrier
2.4 Mb/s
(1xEV-DO)
3.864 Mb/s
(1xEV-DV)
3G
IS-2000:
3xRTT
F: 3x 1250k
R: 3687k
120-210 per
3 carriers
Faster data
rates on
shared 3-
carrier
bundle
2.0 Mb/s
Page 24
Differences Between W-CDMA
and cdma2000
W-CDMA cdma2000
New Spectrum only Overlay IS-95
3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
New equipment Upgrade existing
3GPP
3GPP2
Page 25
Contents
Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
cdma2000 Improvements
cdma2000 Concepts
cdma2000 Network Architecture





Page 26
IS-2000 SR1, RC3 (9.6 kbps)
Traffic Channel (F-FCH)
Optional
Can be Carried by F-DCCH
8.6 kbps
1228.8 kbps
Long Code
Decimator
Interleaver
38.4 ksps
1/4 Rate Conv.
Encoder
38.4 ksps
9.6 kbps
Long Code
Generator
38.4 kbps
Power
Control
Puncture
Walsh 64
Generator
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kbps
1228.8kbps
Q
I
S -P
800 bps
PC
User Long
Code Mask
Q
I
PC
Dec
1228.8 kcps
Q Short Code
I
Q
1228.8 kcps
Complex
Scrambling
Q
I
FIR
FIR I Short Code
Orthogonal
Spreading
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
+
+
+
-
38.4 ksps
19.2 ksps
19.2 ksps
P.C. Bits
Decimate by Walsh
Length/2
Gain
Gain
Puncture
Timing
Full Rate
Data Bits
Add CRC and
Tail Bits
800 bps
Short Code Scrambler
Walsh Code
Generator
1228.8 kcps
Q Short Code
Q
I
FIR
FIR
I Short Code
IS-95B
Page 27
Forward Common Pilot
19.2 ksps
Walsh 128
Generator
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kbps
1228.8kbps
Q
I
Q
I
1228.8 kcps
Q Short Code
I
Q
1228.8 kcps
Complex
Scrambling
Q
I
FIR
FIR I Short Code All 1s
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
+
+
+
-
Orthogonal
Spreading
All 0s
Equivalent to IS-95
pilot (Walsh 0 with
chip offsets identifying
BSs)
512 total PNs with 64-
chip offsets
Provides synchronism,
signal measurements
and phase reference
Pilot, Paging, Sync
applied only to in-
phase channel
Page 28
Creating a Walsh Codes Matrix
| | 0
1
= W
(

=
1 1
1 1
2
W W
W W
W
(

=
2 2
2 2
4
W W
W W
W
(

=
n n
n n
n
W W
W W
W
2
. . .
0 00 0000 00000000
01 0101 01010101
0011 00110011
0110 01100110
00001111
01011010
00111100
01101001
W
1
W
2
W
4
W
8
Example
Referencing Walsh Codes
W
4
[2] = 0011
W
8
[7] = 01101001
W
2
[0] = 00
8
7
w
= Walsh Set 8
Walsh Code 7
Page 29


Hadamard Sequence
Walsh 2 Walsh 4 Walsh 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SF=2 SF=4 SF=8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
0



1
0


2


1


3
0
4
2
6
1
5
3
7
Bit Reversed Sequence
IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree
Walsh Set 2 Walsh Set 4 Walsh Set 8
Page 30
SF=16 SF=2 SF=4
SF=8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
Effects of Using Variable Length Walsh
Codes
Logical 1s and 0s
can be
represented as
physical -1s and
1s in the
modulation
domain
Shorter Codes on
a Branch map into
Longer Codes
Using Shorter
Walsh Codes
Precludes Using
all Longer Codes
Derived from the
Original
Walsh
Set 2
Walsh
Set 4
Walsh
Set 8
Walsh
Set 16
Page 31
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
Walsh Codes with SF=8
Matches = 4
Mismatches = 4
Net Correlation = 0
Match? Y N N Y Y N N Y
Code
Code
Orthogonality of Walsh Codes
Walsh codes are :
Orthogonal with each Other
and Their Inverses:
Orthogonality = Equal Number of
Matches and Mismatches

Page 32
IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree (Top Half)
Walsh
Set #1
Walsh
Set #2
Walsh
Set #4
Walsh
Set # 8
Set # 32 Set # 64 Walsh Set # 128
28
24
40
20
0
32
16
48
8
56
4
36
52
12
44
60
2
34
18
50
10
42
26
58
54
14
46
30
62
126
62
94
110
46
78
118
54
86
102
38
70
122
58
90
106
42
74
114
50
82
98
34
66
124
60
92
108
44
76
116
52
84
100
36
68
120
56
88
104
40
72
8
24
4
20
12
28
2
18
10
26
6
22
14
30
6
38
22
0
16
8
24
4
20
12
28
2
18
10
26
6
22
14
30
Set #16
0
8
4
12
2
10
6
14
0
4
2
6
0
2
0
0
0
64
32
96
16
80
48
112
Page 33
IS-2000 Forward Radio Configurations
Radio Configuration 1 - Required
Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B
Based on 9,600 bps Traffic
Radio Configuration 2
Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B
Based on 14,400 bps Traffic
Radio Configurations 3, 4, and 5
All use new IS-2000 coding for improved capacity
RC3 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 153,600 bps
RC4 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 307,200 bps
RC5 is based on 14,400 bps and goes up to 230,400 bps



Page 34
Data Rates & Radio Configurations
Radio
Configuration
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
RC7
RC8
RC9
Spreading
Rate
SR1

1 carrier
1.2288
MCPS
SR3

3.6864
MCPS
as
3 carriers
1.2288
MCPS
Forward Link
Required. IS-95B Compatible
No cdma2000 coding features
Compatible with IS-95B RS2
No cdma2000 coding features
Quarter-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
Half-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
3/8 rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 14400
1/6 rate convolutional
or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
Required. 1/3 rate convolutional
or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
or 1/3 rate convolutional or
Turbo coding, base rate 14400
or 1/3 rate convolutional or
Turbo encoder, base rate 14400
9600
variable
14400
variable
9600
153600
9600
307200
14400
230400
9600
307200
9600
614400
14400
460800
14400
1036800
Reverse Link
rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600
rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600
rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 14400
Required. or 1/3 convolutional
Or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
or convolutional or Turbo
encoding
9600
153600
307200
14400
230400
9600
307200
614400
14400
460800
1036800
Required. IS-95B Compatible
No cdma2000 coding features
Compatible with IS-95B RS2
No cdma2000 coding features
9600
variable
14400
variable
Data
Rates
Data
Rates
Radio
Configuration
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
Page 35
2G Today: IS-95 CDMA Channels
Existing IS-95A/JStd-008 cdma offers one physical
structure using just the channels shown above
IS-2000 cdma is backward-compatible with this IS-95,
but offers additional radio configurations with additional
channels
FORWARD CHANNELS REVERSE CHANNELS
BTS
W0: PILOT
W32: SYNC
W1: PAGING
Wn: TRAFFIC
ACCESS
TRAFFIC
Page 36
cdma2000 Channels
Dedicated: Point-to-point, single BS single MS
Common: Shared information for/from multiple MS
Page 37
Dedicated
Control Channel
CDMA2000 SR1 CDMA Channels
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
Broadcast Channel
Quick Paging Channel
Common
Power Control Channel
Common
Assignment Channel
Common
Control Channels
Forward
Traffic Channels
Fundamental Channel
Supplemental Code
Channels IS-95B only
Supplemental
Channels RC3,4,5
Includes Power
Control Subchannel
Enhanced
Access Channel
Common
Control Channel
Dedicated
Control Channel
Reverse Fundamental
Channel (IS95B comp.)
Reverse
Supplemental Channel
Access Channel
(IS-95B compatible)
BTS
FORWARD CHANNELS
F-Pilot
F-Sync
PAGING
F-BCH
F-QPCH
F-CPCCH
F-CACH
F-CCCH
F-DCCH
1
1
1 to 7
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 to n
0 or 1
F-FCH
F-SCCH
F-SCH
0 to many
0 or 1
0 to 7
0 to 2
IS-95B only
R-TRAFFIC
REVERSE CHANNELS
R-Pilot
R-CCCH
R-DCCH
R-FCH
R-SCH
R-EACH
1
1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 to 2
R-ACH or
0 or 1
cdma2000 Rev A
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A
cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A
cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)
IS-95B only
F-TRAFFIC
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0
Page 38
F-QPCH The Quick Paging Channel
IS-2000 mobiles in slotted mode can use the Quick Paging
Channel to determine whether they need to wake up and
read the paging channel to receive an incoming page
Each sector can have up to three F-QPCH Walsh codes
assigned
Walsh Code 48 (128-bit)
Walsh Code 80 (128-bit)
Walsh Code 112 (128-bit)
The QPCH slots are 80 ms long
QPCH slots begin 20 ms before corresponding paging
slots
Page indicators are transmitted on the QPCH 100 ms
before the associated paging channel slot containing the
page
Mobiles that see paging indicators on the QPCH 100 ms before their
paging slot wake up and read the paging channel; mobiles that do not
see the indicators go back to sleep
Page 39
Contents
Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
cdma2000 Improvements
cdma2000 Concepts
cdma2000 Network Architecture





Page 40
Network-Side Improvements in CDMA2000
cdma2000 RF improvements create a whole new type of
channel which can carry fast data
The RF link is no longer the bottleneck for mobile data!
All this new fast data has to go through some kind of
equipment
The traditional voice circuit-switched plant can't handle it
It handles only circuit-switched 64 kb/s DS-0s, which would be a big
bottleneck for high speed data
A whole new back-side packet data network is needed to
bypass mobile data around the switch, into internet or VPNs
Fortunately, existing LAN-style data technologies can be
used, and and are much more hardware-efficient than
traditional switching
Page 41
Existing 2nd Generation CDMA Voice
Networks
2nd Generation cdma Networks were designed
primarily to handle voice
The cdma voice conversations 20-ms frames are
carried as packets between mobile and the Selector
The selector assembles frames being sent to the mobile and
disassembles frames coming from the mobile
Frame contents normally include voice and occasional signaling; may
also include data if additional equipment is included (not shown)
The vocoders in the BSC and the mobile convert the
packet stream into continuous DS-0 audio for the
end-users
The MSC makes a circuit-switched connection for call
t1 t1
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
v
CE
SEL
rf
t1
Handset
BTS
(C)BSC or
Access Manager
Switch
PSTN
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
14400 bps max
Page 42
Understanding the foundation of 3G Networks:
Basic 2G CDMA Network Architecture
Access Manager
or (C)BSC
Switch BTS
Ch. Card ACC
E
o
E
|
E
_
TFU1
GPSR
BSM
CDSU
CDSU
SBS
Vocoders
Selectors
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CM SLM
LPP LPP ENET
DTCs
DMS-BUS
Txcvr
A
Txcvr
B
Txcvr
C
RFFE
A
RFFE
B
RFFE
C
TFU
GPSR
GPS
GPS
IOC
PSTN
CDSU DISCO CDSU
DISCO 1
DISCO 2
DS0 in T1
Packets
Chips
RF Vocoder
A vocoder converts
speech between DS-0
and packet forms
The selector
assembles
packets going to
the BTS and
disassembles
packets coming
from the BTS.
A channel element turns
packet bits into cdma
chips to the mobile, and
chips from the mobile into
packets to the BSC.
Channel
Element
Page 43
Data Capability Today on a 2G CDMA
Network
Additional hardware is needed to carry data on a 2G
network
Data to/from the user connects near the selector in
the BSC
Passed through the switch as 56kb/s data links in 64kb/s DS-0s
Data connection to outside world handled by IWF
Interworking Function
Includes modems to convert data stream into DS-0 for dial-up uses
Can contain data routers to access IP or PPP networks
May include capability for FAX and other communications modes
t1 t1
v
CE
SEL
t1
Gateway
Server
Internet
VPNs
PSTN
IWF
rf
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
BTS
(C)BSC or
Access Manager
Switch
Backbone
Network
Handset
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
PROPRIETARY SLOW IP TRAFFIC
DIAL-UP ACCESS
14400 bps max
Page 44
Cdma2000 Network
Packet Data Requires New H/W including PCF and
PDSN



HLR
Home Access
Provider Network
VLR
Visited Access Provider
Network
Mobile
Client
L
Radio Network
R-P
PDSN
PCF
Internet
Visited
AAA
Home
AAA
Home Access Provider
IP Private Network
Home
Network
MSC
BSC
AAA - Authentication, Authorization,
and Accounting
PCF - Packet Control Function
PDSN - Packet Data Service Node
HA Home Agent
RN Radio Network
Page 45
3G Data Capabilities: 1xRTT CDMA
Network
For full-featured data access over a 3G network, a true IP
connection must be established to outside Packet Data Networks
This requires a Packet Data Serving Node
ISP and operator-provided services are provided by external Home
Network and Home Agent servers
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting provided by external server
The IWF (not shown above) is still maintained to allow old mobiles
to use dial-up and WAP/wireless web keypad access
t1 t1
v
CE
SEL
rf
t1
R-P Interface
fiber - ATM
PDSN
Foreign Agent
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
Internet
VPNs
PSTN
T T SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
BTS
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Switch
Wireless
Mobile Device
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
FAST IP PACKET TRAFFIC
Fast!
Page 46
QoS Classes and Objectives
4 main classes of service
Requirements for delay, accuracy and order of
transmission
Class of Service
Conversational
Streaming
Interactive
Background
Typical Applications
Voice, Video Telephony, video
games
Streaming Multimedia:
meetings, seminars,
presentations
Web Browsing; Network Games
Background Email download;
Non-critical telemetry
Main Objectives
Low time delay, information
delivered in same order sent
Preserve time relation of packets;
delay is not very critical
Request/Response pattern;
preserve data integrity
Destination is not expecting the
data within a certain time.
Preserve data integrity.
Page 47
Definitions & Legend
IP
Internet Protocol
LAC
Link Access Control
MAC
Medium Access Control
OSI
Open System Interconnect
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
QoS
Quality of Service
RLP
Radio Link Protocol
TCP
Transmission Control
Protocol
UDP
User Datagram Protocol

cdma2000 Protocol Layers
New in
cdma2000!
Physical Layer
IP
PPP
Packet Data
Application
Voice
Services
Circuit Data
Application
TCP UDP
High Speed
Circuit Network
Layer Services
LAC
LAC Protocol
MAC
MAC
Control State
Best Effort Delivery
RLP
Multiplexing
QoS Control
O
S
I

L
a
y
e
r

2

L
i
n
k

L
a
y
e
r

O
S
I

L
a
y
e
r
s

3
-
7

U
p
p
e
r

L
a
y
e
r
s

O
S
I

L
a
y
e
r

1

Null LAC
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g


S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s

Page 48
Conclusions
IS-2000 is Backwards Compatible with TIA/EIA-95-B
Provides 2x Capacity Improvement Over TIA/EIA-95-
B
Improved Coding
Improved Modulation
Coherent Reverse Link Demodulation (Mobile Pilot)
Fast Forward Link Power Control
Supports High Speed Data for New Applications


Page 49
Acknowledgements
Selected Materials Were Contributed By:
Agilent Technologies Wireless Network Services Division,
Wireless Institute of Technology Group, Melbourne, FL
Scott Baxter and Associates, Nashville, TN
3GPP2 web site: www.3gpp2.org